CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria joined the committee of nations after independence, hoping for a better future. We could feed ourselves and were, in fact, nearly self-sufficient. As a result, our dreams appeared unachievable. We appear to be inching our way farther into the woods. The general belief is that it has been detrimental to Nigeria. Many businesses have closed as a result of the country’s poor economic situation, and stores and even financial institutions are being declared bankrupt at an alarming rate. Businesses that haven’t yet been flooded or are trying to keep afloat use a variety of techniques. Some companies raise prices, use promotional tools, and market aggressively, among other things.

Others, on the other hand, engage in an unusual mix of occupations and even engage in various types of small businesses in order to survive. Any company or individual that wants to succeed must make the best decision possible. The era of the mile of thumb has passed us by. for 0kafor (2000)

Over the course of the year, the price of everything from garri and bread to radio and books, not to mention petrol, has risen in geometric proportions. The economy is in serious trouble. The organization’s difficulty in terms of effective planning and decision-making procedures is these compounded and intricate intricacies. Other issues that affect knowledge and decision-making include stagflation, taxation, and economic and political problems. The computation and interpretation of analytical ratios from financial statements enable banks to assess their operational trends and give a basis for management decision making, which is what most companies and banks obtain from making accounting decisions. Other applications of financial analysis include making financial decisions and determining compliance with regulatory standards in order to achieve the objective of sustainability. Financial analysis is an investment that will yield a good return in the future on how decisions will be made and how money will be managed in order to meet the institution’s strategic goals through decision making. Many people believe that accounting is a highly sophisticated field that only professional accountants can comprehend; nonetheless, practically everyone engages in some sort of accounting. In today’s world, management demands a wide range of data in order to achieve its goals and objectives. The element of uncertainty about the future and a lack of understanding about the present are the key determinants of this information. Some of these decisions are strategic in nature and have a significant impact on the company’s bottom line, while others are everyday operating decisions. Please hurry (1973). As a result, accounting information is based on the laws and regulations that regulate the management of financial information contained in an organization’s financial reports. Making the best decision requires having access to relevant, accurate, and up-to-date information that is presented in a comprehensible manner. The goal of this study was to look into the role of a competent accounting system in providing management with the financial and other information they need to deal with decision difficulties that come from their business operations.

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Essentially, the nature of the manufacturing industry necessitates extensive bookkeeping based on accounting principles and information, since the number of consumers of manufactured goods continues to rise. It has become vital to establish a methodical approach to dealing with the resulting bookkeeping and accounting tasks. Consumers have constantly complained about the organization’s service, while employees have complained about a lack of promotion, poor compensation, and lack of training, among other things. Furthermore, market relevance is a major challenge for every financial institution’s business and organization today. Ongoing fundamental changes in global politics, economy, and emerging competitions, in particular, pose a significant challenge to providing adequate and current accounting information for management decision-making.

The organization seeks to effectively and efficiently coordinate all of these problems in order to avoid any predicted or unanticipated pitfalls. Edward is a man of many talents (1976). The difference will be obvious if the industrial firm has a good and effective accounting system. The following problems, which are the specific problems of this study, have arisen as a result of improper attention to the accounting system and management of accounting information:

1. A sense of difficulty in generating and interpreting accounting data.

2.Accounting data generated by accounts departments makes little difference in decision-making.

3. Accounting information’s inability to perform the fundamental functions of cost minimization and profit maximization

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The following are the study’s objectives:

1. Determine whether or not there has been a difficulty in generating and utilizing accounting data for management decision-making.

2. To determine the extent to which accounting data generated by accounts departments has influenced decision-making.

3. Determine whether accounting information has effectively completed the basic functions of cost minimization, proper resource allocation, and production improvement.

RESEARCH QUESTION   

1.Are there any issues with generating and utilizing accounting data that is required for management decision-making?

2. How important is accounting data generated by the accounts department in the decision-making process?

  RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

Hypothesis number one

There are issues in producing and utilizing accounting data that is required for management decision-making.

H1 There are no issues with generating and utilizing accounting data for managerial decision-making.

The second hypothesis is that

Ho

The accounting data generated by the accounts department has not aided in decision-making. H1

The accounting information generated by the accounts department has aided in the decision-making process.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Because the field is simply too large, the research cannot cover all aspects and types of accounting data. As a result, only those topics that were important to these investigations were covered, such as need-ratio analysis, cost-volume-profit analysis, absorption and marginal costing, the contribution margin, standard costing and variance analysis, and linear programming. This research spans the years 2010 through 2014.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 

Even when accurate and up-to-date data is readily available, there are still unnecessary obstacles owing to our socio-cultural background in terms of information disclosure and bureaucracy. As a result, this research project was hampered.

The researcher had to deal with major financial and time constraints. The scope of the task does not include computational techniques for various accounting data or instruments. Those considered required, on the other hand, may be treated. Because it is impossible to cover all of Nigeria’s corporations, firms, and other commercial entities as a sample, two companies in Kogi state were investigated and conclusions drawn. A concerted effort is being made to produce a valuable study with enough validity and reliability. This research should not be regarded as a complete solution to the impact of accounting data on decision-making. Many respondents make biased responses perhaps because of employment preservation, officer’s name and image protection, personal hesitation, unwarranted fear of legal consequence, and so on. There are restrictions on resources for reference reasons, notably responses on data gathering. This research should not be regarded as a complete solution to the impact of accounting data on decision-making. Many respondents make biased responses perhaps because of employment preservation, officer’s name and image protection, personal hesitation, unwarranted fear of legal consequence, and so on. There are restrictions on resources for reference reasons, notably responses on data gathering.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research will aid in maximizing the positive influence of accounting data on an organization’s decision-making process. This increases the organization’s profitability while also assuring its long-term viability. It will aid in the optimal allocation of scarce resources with alternate uses, as well as boost productivity and thereby raise living standards. It will examine the progress made by the organization or corporation in handling accounting data, as well as the methods in which this progress could be made. In fact, all interested parties, such as shareholders, employers, investors, creditors, and the government, will greatly profit. This study will also act as a resource for students who are interested in conducting similar studies.

DEFINITION OF TERMS       

INTEREST: A year’s total or actual interest paid or earned, represented as a percentage of the principal amount at the start of the year.

EFFICIENCY: A measure of a company’s capacity to manufacture and distribute its goods. It is defined in accounting terms as the sum of the standard hours allowed for a particular level of productivity and the actual hours worked.

ACCOUNTING INFORMATION: This is a system for determining an organization’s financial situation at the conclusion of a period.

INFORMATION is a type of processed data that is utilized to gather detailed information about a person, thing, or location.

LEVERAGES: Companies utilize them to leverage their limited assets to guarantee large loans to fund their operations.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION: This is a summary of a company’s operations throughout the previous year. The profit and loss account, the cash flow statement, and other financial statements are among them.

ANALYSIS: An analysis of variance is used in standard costing and budgetary control to determine the sources of deviation. The overall profit of variation is broken down into sub-variances, revealing the primary causes of budged data.

DEBT: A sum owed by one person or entity to another, with the obligation to pay the debt during one accounting period.

RATIO: To express the performance of a corporation as a percentage. Accounting ratios are used to assess a company’s operational efficiency and financial soundness.

DECISION MAKING: This entails weighing the pros and cons of various options. Accounting information and strategies are utilized to run a firm.

IMPACT: This refers to the duties, obligations, and functions that are involved. It is that key obligation incumbent on public relations for the realization of democratic order in the organization policy when it comes to this activity. ACCOUNTING: Is the process of gathering information, primarily about the financial activities of businesses. When one analyzes the multiplicity of economic entities that span sizes and boundaries, one can see how broad accounting is. Accounting is the language used to communicate to interested parties the outcome of an entity’s efforts. The following is an illustration of a financial statement:

Accounting policy statement The financial statement. (Financial position statement) Accounts of profit and loss (income statements).

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