Optimization Of Activated Carbon Preparation From Corncob Wastewater Treatment
Abstract
Corncob Actuated Carbon( AC) was produced via chemical activation with phosphoric acid( H3PO4) for the hydrolysis step and potassium hydroxide( KOH) for the impregnation step. In this work, optimization and development of the model equations for the medication conditions of AC, Design Expert6.0.6 Stat- Ease, Inc USA software was used. For the optimization of the AC medication conditions, a Central Composite Design( CCD) was used to probe the effect of independent variables on the yield and adsorption capacity of the actuated carbon samples. The independent variables used in this work were, phosphoric acid attention, potassium hydroxide attention, activation temperature( oC) and activation time( nanosecond). Response face Methodology( RSM) fashion was used to optimize the medication conditions( H3PO4, KOH, temperature and time); with chance yields of hydrolysate and actuated carbon and adsorption capacity of AC as the targeted responses. The optimal conditions for the medication of AC using CCD software were358.15 oC,116.90 twinkles,0.29 mg/ l H3PO4,0.09 mg/ l KOH. This set of conditions gave hydrolysate yield of76.9339, while actuated carbon yield and Methylene Blue( MB) adsorption capacity were21.84 and1.98 mg/ g independently. The specific face area of the AC using Sear’s system was314.2 m2/g. Analysis of Variance( ANOVA) for hydrolysate yield, AC yield and adsorption capacity showed the developed models equations were significant. The experimental and prognosticated values of the hydrolysate yield, AC yield and adsorption capacity of adsorbent on adsorbate MB were in close agreement and the correlation portions R2- values of0.9688,0.9358 and0.9134. The face areas of named ACs were259.8 m2/ g( AC8), 215 m2/ g( AC9) and314.2 m2/ g( AC14) gave adsorption capacities of1.92 gm/ g,1.97 mg/ g and1.98 mg/ g of MBrespectively. The Fourier Transform Infra- Red( FTIR) analysis of the AC samples produced showed the presence of O- H, C- H, C- Br, N- H, C- C, C- N, C = C and C ≡ C functional groups which aid in adsorbing adsorbate onto the adsorbent. Adsorption isotherm data were used to model the following Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms; the adsorption of Chromium ions on the named AC produced was prognosticated by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models with R2 value of0.9974 and0.7691 independently. The chance chromium junking increases with increase in adsorbent lozenge. The actuated carbon samples produced can be effectively used for wastewater treatment.
Chapter One
Preface
Background of Study
Actuated Carbon( AC) is a protean outgrowth of biomass generally unformed( crystalline) solid that has redundant ordinary large internal face area and severance volume( Jamaludin, 2010). The unique structure of AC gives rise to its operation ranges from liquid to gas phase because of their adsorptive parcels.
Industrial ACs can be produced from any cheap material with a high carbon content, low inorganics as precursors similar as coal, wood, coconut shell, sludge cob, almond shells, peach monuments, grape seeds, apricot monuments, cherry monuments, olive monuments, peanut housing, nut shells, rice cocoon, oil painting win shells, sugar club bagasse( Tsai etal., 1997, and 2001 Jamaludin, 2010;
Diya’udeen etal., 2011). Palm shell, rattan, mango stem peel, and sludge cob( Mohd etal., 2011); canarium schevein furthii nutshell( and Ajayi and Olawale, 2009), groundnut shells, Palm Kernel shells, coconut shells, bamboo, wood chips, sludge cob, seeds and saw dusts( Oloworise, 2006).
AC has been the most popular and extensively used adsorbent in liquid and gas treatment throughout the world. Watercolor been the colonist of AC has been honored as the oldest adsorbent known in waste water treatment.
AC is produced by a process conforming of raw material dehumidification and carbonization followed by activation.