A Critical Examination Of The Immunization Status Of Children In A Rural Suburb Areas Of Lagos State

A Critical Examination Of The Immunization Status Of Children In A Rural Suburb Areas Of Lagos State

Chapter One

Preface

Background Of The Study

Vaccine- preventable conditions( VPDs) like measles, tetanus, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, pertussis, diphtheria, unheroic fever, and hepatitis B contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five in developing nations( HRFN, 2006). VPDs are anticipated to beget over 2 million deaths worldwide each time, with roughly1.5 million passing in children under the age of five, counting for 15 of all under- five mortality( UNICEF). They’re responsible for 22 and 17 of under five mortality and morbidity in Nigeria, independently( WHO, 1997). According to the World Health Organization( WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund( UNICEF), and the National Program on Immunization( NPI), a child should admit four boluses of Oral Polio Vaccine( OPV), three boluses of Hepatitis B Vaccine, three boluses of Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus( DPT) vaccine, and one cure of Bacille Calmette- Guerin In developing countries, routine immunization with these vaccines is a cost-effective way to reduce nonage morbidity and mortality. The forestallment of these conditions in one child has a positive splashing effect on the rest of the population, since the immunized child won’t pass the sickness on to another child( herd impunity). The World Health Organization estimated in 2008 that1.5 million deaths among children under the age of five were caused by conditions that could have been averted by routine vaccination, counting for 17 of global total mortality in children under the age of five( WHO). Immunization has lowered the prevalence of vaccine- preventable infections in children by 98 – 100 in the United States( CDC). The position of immunization content attained is needed for effective control of vaccine- preventable conditions. The content rate is used to estimate the success of routine immunization. In Nigeria, the findings of the National Demographic Health Survey in collaboration with UNICEF revealed a decline in immunization content from around 30 to 17 between 1990 and 1999, and a farther gradational decline to 13 in 2003.( CDC and NPC). Poor collaboration and planning, political insecurity, and the ongoing profitable recession were cited as factors for this( Follen 2015). In the absence of effective monitoring and assessment of nonage immunization programs, vaccination rates may decline unobserved for some time before the adding prevalence of target conditions is noticed. Low under- five mortality rates are equally related to immunization content rates in countries with low under- five mortality rates. With 98 percent vaccine content, Sweden has a4/1000 under- five mortality rate, which is similar to Japan, France, and the United States of America, all of which have immunization content rates of further than 90 percent( UNICEF). Nigeria, a developing country with a vaccination content rate of lower than 80, has an under five death rate of further than 100 per 1000 people( UNICEF). Although high under- five mortality rates are reasonable in war- torn nations similar as Angola and Liberia, this isn’t the case in Nigeria, therefore health- care providers must figure out why the country’s vaccine content is so low. There’s a failure of published statistics on immunization content in underdeveloped countries’ populations( Tore, 2008). Some reports on immunization content checks contained data from both civic and pastoral areas, whereas others were conducted in pastoral areas. The demand for exact and accurate attestation of immunization rates, as well as the likely causes of low content in specific regions, in order to enable well- directed( or targeted) treatments, should prop in the reduction of under- five mortality.

Statement Of The Problem

Children in the cities of Nigeria continue to suffer from colorful health challenges. The visible, generally seen conditions suffered by children and youthful grown-ups range from polio, unheroic fever, mama to child transmission of HIV/ AIDS, malaria, and indeed tuberculosis. These conditions affect not only the cerebral well being of the children, but, as Philips( 2002) notes, the physical well being of the children is also heavily affected. Children’s immunization has been linked by Wale( 2009) to be effective in reducing the extent and inflexibility of health challenges suffered by children. Olawale( 2009) noted that the child mortality rate can be greatly reduced if children admit the right vaccines and are immunized timely. Children in pastoral areas suffer from health challenges substantially because their parents don’t have quick access to health care services as there may not be good healthcare centres in these areas. Also, Tolu( 1990) noted that the perception of parents also contributes to the health challenges of children, as parents prefer artistic styles of healthcare to ultramodern styles. This situation is eased by the religious beliefs of some parents. Hence, the immunization of children in pastoral areas can be hampered and have no effect. This study was thus accepted to probe the immunization status of children in the cities of Lagos state.

Ideal Of The Study

The overall thing of the exploration is to critical examine the immunization status of children in a pastoral exurb areas of Lagos State. Specifically, the study is set to;

1. To probe the perception among parents in the cities of Lagos state about immunization.

2. To determine if the children of the cities of Lagos have quick access to vaccines?

3. To examine the challenges children suffer due to the attainability of vaccines.

Exploration Questions

The following exploration questions guide the ideal of the study

1. What’s the perception among parents about immunization?

2. Do the children have quick access to vaccines?

3. What challenges do children suffer due to the attainability of vaccines?

Significance Of The Study

The overall thing of this study is to Critically Examine the Immunization Status Of Children In The pastoral Exurb Areas Of Lagos State. The purpose of the study is to determine the vacuity of vaccines and how snappily they’re administered to children in the cities. And, this study will contribute to the current literature in this field and will also serve as a resource for academics, experimenters, and scholars who may want to do future exploration on this or a similar issue.

Compass Of The Study

The exploration is limited to Amuwo Odofin of Lagos state and it examines the immunization status of children.

Limitation Of Study

The study was limited due to lack of study accoutrements and also the budget and study duration were also constraints.

Description Of Terms

IMMUNIZATION the action of making a person or beast immune to infection, generally by inoculation.

pastoral Exurb The pastoral cities include cosmopolises( or civic units) that don’t belong to the generally civic area and that have 40 or further of their employed residers working in the rest of the pastoral area’s employment area.