ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC POTENTIAL OF VITEX DONIANAETHANOLEXTRACTS ON POLOXAMER 407 INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIC AND NORMAL RATS
abstract
On rats with hyperlipidemia caused by poloxamer 407 and normal rats, the anti-hyperlipidemic potential of extracts (aqueous, 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, and 70% acetone) of Vitexdoniana leaves, stem bark, and root bark was examined. The leaves, stem bark, and root bark contained flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, and tannins, according to a phytochemical analysis of the extracts. In comparison to acetone and aqueous extracts, the average total polyphenol contents of the leaf ethanol (36.113.13mg/g gallic acid) and methanol (35.751.72mg/g gallic acid) extracts were significantly higher (p0.05). The IC50 of the leaf ethanol extract (0.227 mg/ml) was lower than that of the stem bark (0.236 mg/ml) and root (0.561 mg/ml) ethanol extracts. The ethanolic extracts of root bark and leaves have the highest percentage reduction when the extracts are screened for their most effective anti-hyperlipidemicactivity. of triacylglycerol (50.75%) and total cholesterol (51.98%), respectively. Tanins (0.0350.008%) in the root bark extract have the lowest concentrations of phytochemicals, while flavonoid (4.6050.077%) in the leaves has the highest concentration. The LD50 for root bark was 948.68 mg/kg body weight, while that for leaves and stem bark was greater than 5000mg/kg. In comparison to the other groups, hyperlipidemic control rats had significantly (p0.05) higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), and lower levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL-c). A significant (p0.05) decrease in LDL-c/HDL-c, a significant (p0.05) increase in the HDL-c/TC ratio, and a significant (p0.05) increase in Log (TAG/HDL-c) are all signs of an atherogenic risk factor in all induced-treated rats. Normal treated rats and normal control rats did not differ significantly (p>0.05) in indices of atherogenicity and lipid profile parameters. In hyperlipidemic control groups compared to all other groups, the level of the liver marker enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST) and the liver function parameter (TB, IB) were significantly (p0.05) higher and lower, respectively. When compared to all treated groups, the hyperlipidemic groups’ invivo antioxidant activity exhibits a significantly (p0.05) higher level of TBARS and a significantly (p0.05) lower level of SOD and CAT. The levels of TBARS in the liver and kidney of normal control rats are significantly (p 0.05) decreased by the leaves and stem bark extract when compared to the normal treated and all induced treated groups. When compared to other treated rats, the normal rats’ liver and kidney extracts from all the extracts show a significantly higher level of CAT. groups. According to the study, vitexdoniana has anti-hyperlipidemic potential.
INTRODUCTION
Natural organic chemicals known as polyphenols exhibit a high concentration of phenol structural units (Quideauet al., 2011). The White-Bate-Smith-Swain-Haslam (WBSSH) definition of polyphenol (Haslam and Cai, 1994) is the most scientifically sound and chemically knowledgeable definition available. It describes polyphenol as moderately water-soluble compounds with a molecular weight of 500–4000 Dalton, more than 12 phenolic hydroxyl groups, and 5-7 aromatic rings per 1000 Da. The quantity and features of the phenol structures are what determine a specific polyphenol’s special physical, chemical, and biological properties (Quideau et al., 2011).
Researchers and food producers have developed a growing interest in polyphenols over the past ten years. The knowledge of polyphenols’ antioxidant properties, their high abundance in our diet, and other factors are the primary drivers of this interest. and their potential role in preventing a number of conditions linked to oxidative stress, including cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. It modulates the activity of numerous enzymes and cell receptors as the primary active component present in many medicinal plants. As antioxidants, polyphenols aid in addressing and reversing the issues brought on by oxidative stress to the walls of arteries, promote heart health by reducing the oxidation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, which halts the potential for atherosclerosis, and aid in the relief of chronic pain, as seen in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, because they are anti-inflammatory. In addition to being antioxidants, polyphenols have a number of other distinct biological effects that are still being studied (Quideau et al., 2011). Plants are a source of food. For thousands of years, natural sources have been used as the source of medicinal agents, and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from these sources, many based on their use in conventional medicine (Hostettmann et al., 2000). About 90% of the world’s population still relies primarily on traditional medicines for their primary healthcare, which means that these plants continue to play a crucial role in healthcare (Hostettmann et al., 2000). The therapeutic potentials of medicinal plants’ antioxidants in preventing diseases caused by free radicals have recently attracted more attention. It has been suggested that phenolic compounds found in plants may be the cause of their antioxidant activity (Cook and Samman, 1996).