Child Labour, Child Trafficking And Girl Child Marriages In Nigeria

Child Labour, Child Trafficking And Girl Child Marriages In Nigeria

Chapter One

Preface

Background of the Study

Child labour and trafficking are basically understood as encompassing financial or non financial conditioning which are mentally physically, innocently and socially dangerous for children below 15 times of age( UNICEF, 2005). Child labour is any work that harms children or keeps them from attending academy( Public Education Project 2010,p. 96). “ Around the world, the growing gaps between the rich and the poor in recent times have forced millions of youthful children out of academy and into work; the source added. The International Labour Organization( 2006,p. 106) also defined child labour as “ any work that deprives children of their nonage, their implicit and their quality, and that’s dangerous to physical and internal development. In its most extreme forms, child labour involves children being enslaved, separated from their families, exposed to serious hazards and illness and or/ left wing to forfend for themselves on the road frequently at a veritably early age.

Child trafficking, on the other hand, is the illegal movement of children, generally for the purpose of forced labour or sexual exploitation. According towikipedia.com, child trafficking is defined as “ the reclamation, transportation, transfer, harboring and/ or damage of a child for the purpose of exploitation ”, though the statistics regarding the magnitude of child trafficking are delicate to gain. Children can be vended either in kind or cash for the purpose of forced labour, sexual abuse or for fortified forces a including bellicosity. Understanding of child trafficking, child labour and child- marriage with respect to the media content of the imminence in Enugu is enormous and effective. The public have conceded the fact that any form of child abuse is mimical and should always support mass media juggernauts against maltreatment of children in the name of child labour, marriage and trafficking. Asogwa( 2008,p. 187) argued that child marriage in Nusukka, Abakaliki Isiala Mba Ano, Bende and Isioche( case study of South Eastern Zone) is no longer business as usual ”. He observed that parents now take time to train their children wards in academy rather of transferring them for marriage, apprentice and slaveries. He attributed the stride to the media trouble in the fight against child abuse in Igbo land. The fact remains that these areas tried by the experimenter remained the center of one of child abuse. They were precisely named to represent the five countries of the south east. The public perceive media content of child abuse as a serous issue through the defunct Ebonyi Broadcasting Service( ESBS) radio between 2000 and 2005( Nwambe 2009,p. 9). He argued that “ people of Abakaliki had served from the sonorous programme anchored by the late Ogbonnaya Abba, adding that “ children who were exposed to dangerous child labour were saved from slaveries, and converted them into education ”. Nwamba also stressed that the public saw the programme as an effective bone that swerved children in the society into being responsible and conscious of their rights in the society. Duringpre-independence period, child labour, trafficking and marriage was a economic trend among the Igbos, particularly in Enugu, the eastern heartland. According to Igbokwe( 2000,p. 38), this was the most booming business in the eastern handwork and business trip on agreement base. The notion that children by so doing shall come rich contributed in child abuse. He also argued that victims of similar abuse were denied introductory education. Sambe( 2010,p. 70) also stressed that child abuse flourished during pre- independence period because the media demanded proper content of child abuse as a crusade strategy. The problem with residers of Enugu civic in terms of child labour is that among NTA, ETV, Radio Nigeria, Sunrise FM, Dream FM and Solid FM, no bone has ever designed a important programme specifically on child labour, trafficking and marriage and a means to acclimatize the child or to empower the victims. In a study conducted by Ugwu Julius( 2011,p. 38), it was set up that the rate of child marriage, child trafficking and child labour is drastically reducing in among children in Enugu civic, not due to effective media content but as a result of education attained by parents and guardians in the area. The scholar also set up that the residers of Enugu megalopolis are more educated than those living in Onitsha where there’s high cases of child abuse. He offered an estimate of 68 who live in the megacity as parents attained at least SSCE thereby developing internationalism towards any form of child abuse. Not opposing he observed that the media similar as The Sun and This Daydeserved an citation for its content of child abuse using its runners.

The act of keeping house maid among residers still looms inspite of mass media crusade against child abuse. Okoye and Tanyi( 2010,p. 27) stressed that numerous children work under exploitative conditions for their masters ladies with numerous being denied the right to proper education. They observed that some children under exploitative condition in Enugu are seen peddling groundnuts, banana, moi- moi,etc. for hours, in the shot to make earnings for their unsatisfied guardians. The fact that the public isn’t completely apprehensive of adverse effect of child labour is noted by the experimenter among Enugu residers

Statement of the Problem

numerous children work under exploitative conditions that piecemeal from totaling preventing training have dangerous goods on their physical conditions and internal health, long working hours for those exposed to child labour, are frequently responsible for fatigue that can beget accidents, and vitiate intellectual development, Okoye and Tanyi( 2010,p. 70) It has also been reported by Barker and Knaul( 1999,p. 24) that large figures of children work under conditions, which expose them to substances with long quiescence period. similar substances include asbestos, which increases the chance of constricting chromic occupational complaint similar as asbestosis or lung cancer in youthful majority. Some are also exposed to dangerous conditions which can lead to chemical and natural hazard.

thus, the issues are what have the public to say about mass media in the language against child marriage, trafficking and labour in Enugu megalopolis? Some Enugu civic residers have asked why should there be any form of child abuse despite trouble of the media to educate the public on troubles of abuse on the children. It’s also necessary to assess conditioning of the media and other social institutions in the fight to reduce the labour, trafficking and marriage in the society despite rumours that the media may have done little to same children from abuse in the area. What should have been responses of the public as the media keep fighting all forms of child labour and trafficking in Enugu civic?

Objects of the Study

The primary ideal of the study is to examine the perception of passions of the public over mass media content of child labour, child trafficking and girl child marriage in Nigeria. Specifically, other objects are as follow

1. To probe the part of the media in the fight against child labour, trafficking and marriage in Nigeria

2. To assess the public perception/ opinion on the war against the wide of child- labour, trafficking and early marriage by the media

3. To examine public perception of the media as important instrument to fight the offensive practices against children in Nigeria.

4. To estimate and determined extent in which the public in Enugu civic see commission of the victims of child labour, child trafficking and child marriage in the society.

Significance of the Study

The study shall keep the media and other social institutions to review their crusade/ programmes or programs aimed at crowding war against child labour, trafficking and child marriage with view to re- map sweats to forestall the imminence in Nigeria

Nigerian women, especially the victims of child labour, marriage and trafficking shall be empowered encouraged by this study because it shall guide, educate, and acclimatize them on how to live a better life despite the challenges they face

The growing incidents of child labour and other affiliated cases shall be reduced, if not drastically prevented. The children shall enjoy the Fundamental Human Rights and other boons in the society. Those who are formerly victims shall be delivered and enjoyed to live a free and better life in the society.

Exploration Questions

1. Do the media play effective part in the fight against child labour, child trafficking and child marriage in Enugu civic?

2. Do the public perceive the media as effective instrument in the fight against the practices of child labour, trafficking and child marriage?

3. Are there forms of child abuse despite media sweats to reduce it among children in Enugu civic?

4. Do the public recommend the media in the fight against child labour, trafficking and marriage in Enugu civic?

Exploration Hypotheses

Eze and Agbo( 2005,p. 204) described thesis as an intelligent conjecture or hunches which experimenters formulate to guide his/ her hunt for results of the problems linked and must be proved or rebutted. ” They are

H1 The media play effective part in the fight against child labour, child trafficking and child marriage in Enugu civic.

H0 The media don’t play effective part in the fight against child labour, child trafficking and child marriage in Enugu civic.

H2 The public perceive the media as an effective instrument in the fight against the practices of child labour, trafficking and child marriage.

H0 The public don’t perceive the media as an effective instrument on the fight against the practices of child labour, trafficking and child marriage.

H3 There are forms of child abuse despite media sweats to reduce it among children in Enugu civic.

Ho There are no forms of child abuse despite media sweats to reduce of among children in Enugu civic

H4 The public recommend the media in the fight against child labour trafficking and marriage in Enugu civic.

Ho The public don’t recommend the media in the fight against child labour trafficking and marriage in Enugu civic.

Theoretical fabrics

As the study focuses on the elaboration of public feeling understanding and perception of media communication with respect to its crusade against child labour, trafficking and marriage, relinquishment of picky perception proposition is preferred as the theoretical frame.

According to Johnson Cartee and Copeland( 1997,p. 30) this proposition explains that ’ people dispose their perception to concede with what they ask it isn’t possible to complete, avoid all inconsonant communication. When exposure to abuse discordant communication passed, the miracle of picky perception frequently follows ”, they added. Sincere( 2013,p. 3) says that picky perception is a perceptual process in which a person only perceives what he ask to and sets away or ignores other perception or view points

This is the tendency to interpret communicated dispatches in terms of one’s living station. People of distinct cerebral character see media content in different ways. This depends on factors similar as age, values, family, opinions, etc, picky perception is told by social relationship. Eze( 2011,p. 144) noted that picky perception is also appertained to as the ” internal or cerebral revamping of a communication so that its meaning is in line with a persons beliefs and station ” It also predicts that people will interpret communication in a manner harmonious withpre-existing stations and beliefs.

This proposition is chosen because the experimenter expects to determine how residers of Enugu civic understand mass standard in its part to stop child labour, child trafficking and child marriage. The assessment is grounded on individual perception on general views of the people towards the subject matter under study. The public is anticipated to perceive the media and its responsibility moreover to be positive or negative, effective or ineffective its in the content of child abuse in Enugu megalopolis.

Compass of the Study

The compass of the study is grounded on the assessment of public perception of the media reportage of child labour, child marriage and child trafficking in Nigeria, especially among Enugu civic residers. The study shall also probe the part of the media in the fight against these challenge and the residers suppose. About media as it carried its traditional responsibility of educating, sensitizing and waking the society peril of child labour, trafficking and early marriage.

Limitations of the Study

The first clear weakness of the study is lack of enough plutocrat to carry out the study to a larger extent. Limited timeframe is another challenge the experimenter encountered which hindered the study.

Again, the experimenter grappled difficulty trying to get some accoutrements applicable to the study which aren’t within the geographical area of the study.

Description Of Terms

Abstract description of Terms

Public The people in general, anyhow of class of any particular groups.

ii. Perception The state of being conscious in understanding of commodity.

iii. Media Any channel which allows dispersion and exchange of information/ idea from one point to another similar as radio, TV, computers review/ magazines,etc.

iv. Coverage An quantum by which commodity or someone is covered, being under focus of commodity.

Child Labour This is any work that deprives children of their capabilities, their quality, and which is dangerous to their physical and internal development

vi. Child Trafficking This is the selling of children to another person for sexual or labour purpose

vii. Child Marriage This refers to any marriage of a child youngish than 18 times old.

functional description of Terms

Public The millions who live in colorful places, especially those who perceive media communication about child labour, child trafficking and child marriage in Nigeria.

ii. Perception Understanding of commodity especially media communication on child labour, child marriage and trafficking about the general public.

iii. Media Channels of communication through which the public perceive its communication similar as information about child labour and other affiliated abuses.

iv. Coverage Being under focus of media like the case of child Labour, trafficking and early marriage.

Child labour Any act of making a person under 18 times to work long hours which are dangerous to his/ her internal, physical and emotional development.

vi. Child Trafficking Any financial or non- financial exchange of children for sexual or military exploitative which can hinder the abecedarian rights of children in Nigeria.

vii. Child Marriage Any early marriage of a manly or womanish child who’s youngish than 18 times of age in Nigeria.