Effect Of 2012 Flood Disaster On The Socio-economic Characteristics Of Cassava Farmers In Etsako East Local Government Area, Edo State

Effect Of 2012 Flood Disaster On The Socio-economic Characteristics Of Cassava Farmers In Etsako East Local Government Area, Edo State

Index Tables

Page Title ———ii

Licensure ———iii

Commitment ———iv

Acknowledgement ——–v

List of Tables ——–viTable of Content ——–viii

Plates List ———ix

Summary ———x

FIRST CHAPTER: INTRODUCTION

Study’s historical context: (1)

Description of the Issue ——3

Study’s goals were to: 4

1.4 Study Hypothesis ——-4

1.5 The Study’s Need ——4

Part Two: Review Of The Literature

2.1Flooding ——–6

2.2 Nigerian Flooding Causes — 7

2.3Flooding Effect —— 8

Flooding and Coastal Erosion 2.4 —- 9

Flooding and soil erosion 2.5 —– 10

2.6 Flood Management Challenges — 10

Who are Rural Farmers, exactly? ——13

2.8 Outlook for cassava —— 13

Etsako East Local Government Area Flooding: 15

2.10 Flooding’s Impact on the Environment and the Socio-Economic

Cassava Farmers’ Characteristics —-16

2.112012 Flood’s Impact on Agriculture and Food Security – 17

Research Methods In Chapter Three

Sampling technique and sample size: 20

3.2 Data Gathering——-21

3.3 Variables are Measured ——21

Data Analysis 3.4 ——- 22

Results and discussion are covered in Chapter 4.

4.1 Respondent’s Socioeconomic Profile — 23

4.2 Details on Farm Features —–26

4.3 The 2012 Flood’s Effect——28

4.4 Respondents’ incomes prior to and following the flooding occurrence

Summary, Conclusion, And Recommendations For Chapter Five

5.1Summary——–40

5.2Conclusion——–41

5.3Recommendation——-41

Refererence——–42

Appendix———42

Abstract

The study looked at how the flood disaster affected farmers who grow cassava in the Etsako East Local Government Area in Edo State.

100 respondents were chosen using a straightforward random selection approach from four communities. Data collection was done using a carefully planned interview schedule. In the analysis, descriptive statistics and the t-test were used.

The findings indicated that men farmers outnumbered female farmers in the study area. The majority of farmers were married and engaged in farming full-time. Few farmers have farms that are at least 2 hectares in size. The majority of farmers engaged in commercial farming and also cultivated other crops including yams and vegetables. The t-test established a statistically significant difference between the effect of flooding on output, and the correlation demonstrated a significant association between the respondent’s socioeconomic profile and the overall effect of flooding. Therefore, in order to lower the poverty rate in the study region, it is advised that the government empower the locals by establishing jobs.

Chapiter 1

Introduction

History of the Study

Throughout its lengthy history, natural disasters (like floods) have affected the entire world. They displace and uproot thousands of people, causing greater suffering in the poorest of countries, hurting efforts at economic growth that are frequently already pathetically insufficient, and destroying infrastructure (Delaney et al., 2004). Natural catastrophes are occurring more frequently and having an ever-greater impact on the world in terms of the costs to agriculture, human life, and the economy. Floods pose a threat to people’s lives, and their aftermath is marked by tragedy, pain, and death. Flood catastrophes have a significant impact on agriculture, notably the production of food crops like cassava.

Cassava is subject to a wide range of risks and uncertainties from the whims of nature, such as unfavorable weather, pests and diseases, flood, erosion, and fire outbreaks, unlike other investing operations. Examples of such risks and uncertainties that have happened in Nigeria, according to Jafia (1988), include the Cassava Bacteria Blight (CBB) of 1973/1974 cropping season, which resulted in the loss of around 162.500 tons of cassava tubers in the east, as well as recurrent floods and drought issues. Agricultural productivity was further impacted by the severe drought years of the 1982–1984 growing seasons as well as the inadequate rainfall conditions of the 1987–1988 growing seasons. Taylor (1977) claimed that pests and illnesses were to blame for agricultural losses in Nigeria. Among other things, Okoye (1987) demonstrated a 10% pre-harvest loss on cassava that was partially caused by pests and diseases.

The Kumadugu Yobe Ualley (northern Nigeria) was flooded once more in 2001 following a disastrous flood that caused the displacement of several hundred thousand people in 1998, according to Madiodio et al. (2004).

A large portion of the population relies on agriculture for a living. Rural farmers make up a sizable portion of the population, which increases the danger, harm, and stress associated with catastrophes while also creating a vicious cycle of poverty. Because they frequently reside in marginal locations, depend on high-risk, low-return livelihood strategies like rain-fed agriculture, and are vulnerable to a number of other factors, including a lack of physical infrastructure, these rural farmers are more vulnerable to natural disasters.

Nigeria currently experiences low agricultural output, which may be related to the impact of natural catastrophes on rural farmers. When these disasters have occurred in the past and in the present, farmers in rural areas have suffered greatly. These catastrophes impair the condition of the soil and its potential for production in addition to destroying crops and disrupting food supplies (Stephenson 1994). In the northern and southern regions of the nation, erosion has washed away farms and homes, and these rural farmers have essentially lost their jobs as a result of the effects of these natural disasters, which have led to rural-urban migration (Nyong, 2005). When livestock travel from wet regions to dry ones, pests and diseases that migrate in response to climatic change could represent a harm to the livestock. Additionally, it may cause abnormal animal mating behaviors.

This study aims to determine how the 2012 flood disaster affected the socioeconomic traits of cassava growers in the Etsako East Local Government area of Edo State. Saldana-Zorrilla (2003) asserts that economic vulnerability manifests itself in rural farmers’ declining income. The study will assess how much the flood has changed rural farmers’ income and how this has affected those farmers’ ability to produce cassava.

Description of the Issue

Natural calamities, like floods, are very miserable, especially in developing nations where low-income earners are under a lot of stress. In addition to the devastating loss of life, losses caused by floods impair the asset base of families, communities, and societies by destroying standing crops, homes, infrastructure, machinery, and structures.

Floods have caused crop failure, starvation, property damage, mass migration, and negative economic growth, all of which have an impact on rural farmers’ household incomes who depend on agriculture for their living (Adedipe et al., 1997). Flood catastrophes are becoming more damaging to rural farmers since they force them out of business and may accelerate emigration from rural areas (Chukuezi 2008). This has made the necessity for reorienting agricultural decision-making and protecting rural farmers from the negative effects of flood disasters increasingly urgent.

Thus, the tremendous global flood’s tragic aftermath significantly worsened the land and cassava productivity. This has led to low productivity and high crop purchase costs, necessitating a comprehensive analysis in order to save cassava production. In the areas hit by the 2012 flood catastrophes, particularly in Etsako Local Government Area, none of these may be ruled out. Therefore, the inquiries are as follows:

How much of an impact do these natural disasters have on the rural farmers’ income in Etsako East?

How much are farmers affected by the flood?

What are the farmers’ current conditions?

What effects will the flood have on the farmers?

Goals for the Study

Studying the impact of the flood disaster on the socioeconomic traits of cassava growers in the Etsako East Local Government area of Edo State is the overall goal.

particular goals

To ascertain the socioeconomic traits of growers of cassava

to ascertain how flooding will affect their ability to earn a living

to ascertain how flooding may affect their surroundings.

1.4 Study Hypothesis

The aforementioned null hypothesis was investigated.

1. The flood has no significant impact on the farmers’ income.

The Importance of the Study

This study aims to investigate the effects of the 2012 flood on agricultural livelihood and the effects of flood on rural farmers engaged in cassava production. Since the flood just happened, not much has been done to investigate its impacts, particularly on the study area’s cassava farmers.

The findings of this study will help the government, particularly in the agricultural sector, in formulating policies that will improve farmer production. It has been discovered that there is a strong connection between this and long-term economic growth, food security, and environmental renewal. In a similar vein, it will argue in favor of cassava production and development assistance, both of which can help the impacted community’s immediate relief needs. It also demonstrates how cutting-edge environmental and agricultural technology will be crucial in advancing long-term development plans that continue to lessen how vulnerable marginalized groups, impoverished rural populations, and disadvantaged communities are to the threat of natural disasters.