Factors Affecting Family Planning Services In Rural Area Among Women

Factors Affecting Family Planning Services In Rural Area Among Women

Chapter One

Preface

Background to the study

Family planning is extensively conceded as an important intervention towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals( SDGs) three( 3) as it has proven to reduce motherly and child mortality. Family planning can help unwanted gravidity and unsafe revocations. Some family planning styles similar as condom operation can cover individualities from Sexually Transmitted Infections( STIs) including HIV/ AIDS. Family planning has also been set up to promote gender equivalency as well as promote educational and profitable commission for women. Despite the enormous benefits of family planning services, the uptake of the service still remains low inSub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria( Eliason, etal., 2013).

likewise, Eliason said that although utmost people are apprehensive of the benefits of family planning services, they complained that it was delicate to pierce family planning services as similar services were handed by health installations that were far from their homes. In addition, religious inclination has been noted to be a major constrain to the uptake of family planning services in Africa. Also, some individualities perceived that family planning services were meant for only wedded couples whilst others sweat that they will come sexually miscellaneous if they go for family planning services once they can not come pregnant( dainties, etal., 2010). It has been observed that a large number of women have an unmet need for family planning as the acceptor rate for family planning services remains low. It’s on this note thatscholars like Haffner,etal.,( 2010) argue that the lives of maters and children will be bettered and motherly mortality reduced if family planning acceptor rate is bettered.

still, according to World Health Organization,( 2016) family planning is the practice that allows individualities and couples to anticipate and attain their asked number of children and the distance and timing of their births. It’s achieved through use of contraceptive styles and the treatment of involuntary gravidity. A woman’s capability to space and limit her gravidity has a direct impact on her health and well- being as well as on the outgrowth of each gestation( WHO, 2016). thus, family planning services are defined as educational, comprehensive medical or social conditioning which enable individualities, including minors, to determine freely the number and distance of their children and to elect the means by which this may be achieved( Burke, 2010).

Family planning is a wide- reachingoccurrence. The creation of development and enhancement of quality of life bear collaboration of action in all major socio- profitable fields including that of population, which happens to be the indefatigable source of creativity and a determining factor of progress. At the transnational position a number of strategies and programmes whose unequivocal end is to affect variables in fields other than population have formerly been formulated. In numerous developing countries, attempts to ameliorate the socio- profitable conditions of the population are seriously hindered by the rate of population growth. This is true of both civic and pastoral areas where population growth is simply above the ordinary( WHO, 2015).

still, making the pastoral issues concerning family planning further understanding, Etukudo,( 2014) editorialized that in pastoral areas of AkwaIbom State where there’s a high desire for large family size by couples and lack of communication conditioning and geste inventions to increase knowledge and use of family planning, lack of access to family planning services can be a hedge to women’s use of family planning services. Besides that, Etukudo further said that, large number of Nigerian women including some of those in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State don’t see the need of family planning. And that a good number of them see family planning as a taboo which is against their culture and numerous relate to religion to support their argument and disapprobation of family planning( Etukudo, 2014). also, Akpan, etal.,( 2011) in addition said that, a critical look at the issue reveals that ignorant peasant women living in NsitIbom and other communities in Nigeria want to have large families. Hence, there’s substantiation that women are prepared to have smaller children and borrow family planning if they’re handed with acceptable information, service and inventories( Akpan et al, 2011). Etukudo,( 2014) concluded that civic women are further than doubly as likely as pastoral women to use a system of contraception( 20 percent versus 9 percent). maturity of the women hardly gave birth in hospitals and depended on their misters to decide what ever system will be used to space or limit the number of children they will have. This though, there still live a great challenge of unmet requirements regarding family planning especially in the pastoral part of AkwaIbom State like NisitIbom as the asked attitudinal and behavioral changes towards family planning is yet to be achieved( Etukudo, 2014).

Theoretical frame

For the purpose of this study, one proposition has been named as companion.

Health Belief Model( proposition)

Health Belief Model is a proposition that was proposed by social psychologists Hochbaum, Rosenstock and Kegels in the 1950. The proposition uses constructs that represent perceived pitfalls and net benefits similar as perceived vulnerability, perceived inflexibility, perceived benefits, perceived walls, cues to action and tone- efficacity. The model asserts that these constructs regard for a person’s “ readiness to act ”( Rosenstock, etal., 1988). According to the Rosenstock and associates explanations, the health belief model( HBM) is a cognitive, interpersonal frame that views humans as rational beings who use a multidimensional approach to decision- making regarding whether to perform a health geste . still, the model is applicable for complex preventative and sick- part health actions similar as contraceptive geste and other family planning styles as walls against unwanted gestation. Its confines are deduced from an established body of social psychology proposition that relies heavily on cognitive factors acquainted towards thing attainment( i.e. provocation to help gestation). Its constructs emphasize adjustable factors, rather than fixed variables, which enable doable interventions to reduce public health problems( i.e. unintended gestation, distance and limiting the number of children).

Rosenstock and other scholars further brought to light that with the operation of health belief model, factors affecting family planning services would be wisely fought against. They also put it clear that the reason for the combatis that family planning is a dynamic and complex set of services, programs and actions towards regulating the number and distance of children within a family. For that reason, they maintained that contraceptive geste is one form of family planning which refers to conditioning involved in the process of relating and using a contraceptive system to help gestation and can include specific conduct similar as contraceptive inauguration( to begin using a contraceptive system), durability or termination( to maintain or stop use of a contraceptive system), abuse( intruded, neglected or mistimed use of a contraceptive system), disuse, and more astronomically compliance and adherence( general terms frequently used to denote any or all of the former contraceptive geste terms).

In a further sense, these scholars depicted that contraceptive geste , viewed through the HBM, is motivated by an existent’s desire to avoid gestation and value placed on not getting pregnant; nonspecific, stable differences in gestation provocations and travail solicitations; and perceived capability to control fertility and reduce the trouble of gestation by using contraception amongst other safe styles.

Statement of the problem

former and recent study findings( Etukudo, 2014) have constantly revealed that fertility position is uncontrollably high in the pastoral areas of AkwaIbom State because women continue to give birth to numerous children as their consorts demand, under conditions of unabated poverty, poor feeding and nutrition, and some other complications. The reasons for the demand for large number of children in these areas aren’t different from those in other societies and include the need for ‘ lineage extension, security at old age, social obligation, among others ’( Akpan, et.al., 2011). Worst still, once family planning programs in Nigeria have been substantially directed toward women( Etukudo, 2014). still, conduct to change the perception and station of people regarding family planning in AkwaIbom State have been media grounded and concentrated important in the civic areas. The pastoral people have little or no time under their conditions of severe poverty to hear to news or watch TV, talk lower of reading journals. In numerous of the Health Centers, Health Posts, and Drugstores located in the pastoral communities there’s inadequate health workers( the community health workers) whose technical duty include to counsel maters , child maters , and would- be maters on family planning, operation of gestation, and other fatherhood issues. On the other hand, the nursers working in these communities are constrained in three areas their languorous station to work and to some cases reported especially by the child maters , the turndown of some women to attain family planning training and comforting at centers hard to their homes, and the turndown of utmost women to accept and use contraceptives as are specified. either, utmost people still believe large number of children is original to large profitable power.

Purpose of the study

The general purpose of the study is to find out the factors affecting family planning services among pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government of AkwaIbom State.

Specifically, the objects of this study were to

examine how educational background affects family planning services among pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State.

examine how culture affects family planning services among pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State.

determinehow religion affects family planning services among pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State.

determine how profitable status affects family planning among pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State.

Exploration Questions

The following exploration questions were formulated to guide the study

How does educational background affect family planning services among pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbomState?

To what extent does culture affects family planning services among pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State?

How does religion affect family planning services among pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbomState?

How does profitable status affect family planning services among pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbomState?

Statement of suppositions

The following null suppositions were formulated to guide the study.

Educational background of pastoral women doesn’t have any significant effect on family planning services among pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State.

Culture of pastoral women doesn’t have any significant effect on family planning services among pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State

Religion of pastoral women doesn’t have any significant effect on family planning services among pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State

profitable status of pastoral women doesn’t have any significant effect on family planning services among pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State

Significance of the study

Although numerous scholars have written on the effect of family planning practices in Nigeria, it’s significant to notes still that family planning can help unwanted gravidity and unsafe revocations and family planning doesn’t mean revocation. thus this study is principally for pastoral women. Hence the study hopefully is significant to the extent that the below specify persons should be suitable; to know what family planning is each about, to understand the important, benefits of family planning practices, to know some factors that could affect the practice of family planning, similar as religion and artistic belief and also to understand that some family planning styles similar as condom operation can cover individualities from Sexually Transmitted Infections( STIs) including HIV/ AIDS at the end of the study.

Health workers may also find this study useful because they will be prepared to attend to people who’ll need their backing of family planning. Policy makers won’t be left out in terms of the significance of this study as they may be suitable to design programs that could lead to an effective family planning system.

As a final point, it conceivably would serve as a work of reference to unborn experimenters in that area.

hypotheticals of the study

The study assumes that

The pastoral women have some knowledge regarding family planning practices.

The result of the study will help to reduce motherly mortality hopefully as family planning acceptor rate would ameliorate.

The result of the study will help to increase the number of women that would embrace family planning services most especially in pastoral area

The result of the study will help in the further involvement men to encourage their women on family planning.

compass of the study

The study was confined only to the pastoral women in NsitIbom Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State. Since this exploration aimed at determining the factors affecting family planning services in pastoral area among women in NsitIbom Local Government of AkwaIbom State, thoughtlessness were paid to the several styles of family planningand independent variables similar as educational background of pastoral women; culture of pastoral women; religion of pastoral women as well as profitable status of pastoral women were examined.

Limitations of the study

The challenges that posed a trouble to this study include the following; stations of pastoral women turned to be huge obstacles and time constraints due to other academic pressure. still, in malignancy of these limitations, the study seems promising, possible and attainable.

Delineations of terms

Family planning Refers to the practice of controlling the number of children pastoral women has and the parentheses between their births, substantially by means of contraception or voluntary sterilization so to ameliorate family planning services and practices.

Factors Are rudiments that brings about certain goods or results and also what could beget pastoral women not to embrace family planning services

pastoral area Refers to position outside municipalities and metropolises where women resides in low population viscosity with lower social and spatial mobility low social change; husbandry as the major obsession and lower interest in family planning.

styles are procedures for negotiating or approaching commodity or methodical way of involving women in pastoral area into family planning and established effectiveness of family planning.

Contraceptives This refers to the several family planning styles that are available for use in controlling birth illustration; oral contraceptive lozenge, intrauterine contraceptive deviceetc.