Factors Influencing Utilization Of Prevention Of Mother To Child Transmission (Pmtct) Services Among Pregnant Women

Factors Influencing Utilization Of Prevention Of Mother To Child Transmission (Pmtct) Services Among Pregnant Women

Chapter One

Preface

Background of the Study

The universality of dangerous beliefs and posterior negative stations towards the mentally ill isn’t in mistrustfulness( Thara and Srinivasan 2000; Murphy 2002; Botha etal. 2006). This study is set out to identify the patient socio-artistic factors impeding the adequacy of mentally sick persons in Nigeria, particularly among health care providers in Ogun State. The conception of internal health or illness has a problematic description because it’s largely private. It can only achieve a near uniformity of meaning in the medical arena although a complete state of internal health or well being is nearly insolvable to attain. The victims of internal illness are part of the society but are viewed else by the society(C.M.H.A. 1993; Murphy 2002; Paterson 2006). thus, societal response to the mentally sick varies from society to society, as the culture of a people is also a model for mortal geste .

African societies have a peculiar station towards the sick or mentally ill persons and this is apparent in the rejection, scornful disposition and a negative perception of the sick existent( Sharma 1998; Mohammed etal. 2004; Mohammed and Mohammed 2008). Mental illness is a complaint of one or further of the functions of the mind similar as emotion, perception, memory or studies, which causes suffering to the person and embarrassment to the family and society. There are a varied number of internal ails but the most common and broader bracket is psychoses, neuroses and internal deceleration. Mental illness could be prodded by environmental or artistic factors and also, by physiological malfunctioning and heredity, these are appertained to as functional and organic psychoses independently.

Allport( 1961) posited that an station is “ internal and neural state of readiness organized through experience, plying a dynamic influence upon the individual response to all objects or to situations with which it’s related ”. also( Ewhrudjakpor 1995; Mohammed and Mohammed 2008) defines an station as a “ learned exposure or disposition, toward an object or situation which provides a tendency to respond favourably or unfavourably to the object or situation ”. still strong these station delineations are, it was( Zimbardo and Ebbesen 1969) that put it in proper structure when they defined it as “ a predilection, toward any person, ideas or objects, it contains cognitive, affective and behavioural factors ”.

therefore, individualities disposition becomes an station if it contains in some corridor, aspects of knowing and acting. Zimbardo and Ebbesen( 1969) further assert that, affective element of our station consists of a person’s evaluation of liking or emotional response to some objects or person. The cognitive element refers to the way the object or person is perceived. It’s in fact the internal picture formed in the existent’s brain. This includes the person’s studies, beliefs and knowledge about the object. The geste element involves the person’s overt acts directed towards another person or group of persons or objects.

Nigerians make attributions in respect of their stations towards victims of internal illness. They in utmost cases do this innocently( Ugwuegbu 1994). criterion proposition as supposed by( Heider 1958) states the rules people use to infer the causes of observed geste . He divides this process into two dispositional and situational criterion processes. The dispositional criterion is the process where a person’s conduct is attributed to internal dispositions( stations, traits, motives). While situational criterion is attributing a person’s conduct to factors in the terrain similar as necromancy, poverty, beliefs, and so forth.

Although internal health problems are extremely common in our society, there has historically been a negative station towards people with internal diseases. A study set up that public stations towards people with internal illness in England and Scotland came less positive between 1994 and 2003( Mehta N, et al, 2009). smirch is allowed to stop those with internal health problems seeking applicable medical help( Jorm AF, 2000). Stigmatising stations towards internal diseases may be told by lack of knowledge of psychiatric illness,( Schomerus G, Angelmeyer MC, 2008) and contact with people with internal diseases may lead to more positive stations and enlightened views.( Addison SJ, Thorpe SJ, 2004).

Statement of Problem

Mental illness is a diseased condition, which is supposed undesirable for both the affected existent and the society because it affects negatively the normal functioning of the internal, cerebral and emotional make- up of the individual and so it makes the capacity for sapience, exposure, judgment, allowed , mood and perception blurred( WHO 2001 WPA 2002). The mentally sick in Nigeria culture, utmost traditional communities ought to look after them since they’re still a part of the community and there are possible traditional remedial rules to bring them to a relative state of normalcy( Jegede 1981; Adebowale and Ogunlesi 1999; Gureje etal. 2005). still, in Nigeria the situation is now different as mentally ill individualities are socially stigmatized indeed after they’ve been cured of this illness( Jegede 2005; Brinn 2000; Binitie 1970). This is in discrepancy with the collaborative and nearly- knit association system in which each person has a responsibility for the well being of the other which dominated African societies( Ayorinde 1983). The mentally sick people constitute nuisance since their knowledge is affected, this is why they need treatment and recuperation but the Nigerian situation is relatively different as government and the family unit haven’t done much towards their recuperation since numerous mentally sick persons aren’t taken care of but allowed to come sundowners . Also, health workers who should know more feel not to display positive station towards similar sick people. There’s also the problem of artistic factors, which label similar people as evil held and necromancy ‘ infested ’. utmost Nigerians believe that internal illness are afflictions caused by supernatural forces( Udoh 2002). thus they hold unorthodox beliefs that only traditional and syncretic religious healers can offer further effective and sustainable treatment than orthodox health interpreters.

Aim and objects of the Study

Healthcare professionals have pivotal contact with people with internal diseases; hence the end of this study is to assess the stations of health workers towards psychiatric cases. This can further divided into the following objects

To pierce reasons for the negative station of healthcare workers towards psychiatric cases.

ii. To determine whether there’s acceptable healthcare outfit and installation for taking care of the mentally ill.

iii. To determine the impacts of fear on station of health workers towards psychiatric cases.

iv. To proffer necessary results to the linked problems.

Exploration Questions

i. What are the reasons for the negative station of healthcare workers towards psychiatric cases?

ii. Are there acceptable healthcare outfit and installation for the taking care of psychiatric cases?

iii. Is there a link between fear and station of health workers towards psychiatric cases?

iv. What are the likely results to the linked problems?

suppositions

H01 There’s no significant relationship between medical knowledge, artistic beliefs and health workers ’ stations towards the mentally sick.

H02 There’s no significant relationship between fear and station health workers ’ stations towards the mentally sick.

Significance of the Study

This study will give information on the general station of Nigerians particularly health workers towards the mentally sick. Also, it’ll increase the knowledge of people on internal illness in general and correct all misconceptions about the complaint and prompt governments andnon-governmental agencies sweats in making more readily available coffers for treatment installations and recuperation of mentally ill persons.

Compass of the Study

For the purpose of this study, we shall only consider the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta as our area of study. Hence, this study is limited in compass to Abeokuta area of Ogun State as other locales won’t be considered.

Description Of Terms

station manner, disposition, feeling, position,etc., with regard to a person or thing; tendency or exposure, especially of the mind.

Health Workers are people whose job it’s to cover and ameliorate the health of their com- munities.