CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhi and, to a lesser extent, related serovars paratyphi A, B, and C cause typhoid fever, often known as enteric fever, a potentially fatal multisystemic infection.
Typhoid fever has a wide range of symptoms, making it a difficult condition to diagnose. Fever, lethargy, widespread stomach pain, and constipation are all common symptoms. Typhoid fever, if left untreated, can lead to delirium, obtundation, intestinal bleeding, bowel perforation, and death within a month of beginning. Long-term or permanent neuropsychiatric problems may befall survivors.
It’s possible that it was to blame for Athens’ Great Plague at the close of the Peloponnesian War. The name S typhi comes from the ancient Greek typhos, which was thought to be an ethereal smoke or cloud that caused disease and madness. The patient’s degree of consciousness is truly muddled in the advanced stages of typhoid fever. Despite the fact that antibiotics have significantly reduced the incidence of typhoid fever in affluent countries, it is still endemic in developing countries.
S paratyphi causes the same symptoms as S paratyphi, however it is a relatively newcomer. Because of immunological naivete among the population and insufficient coverage by typhi vaccinations, it may be taking over the typhi niche. Some authors distinguish typhoid and paratyphoid fever as separate syndromes produced by the typhi and paratyphi serovars, while others use the word typhoid fever to refer to an illness caused by either. The latter is the terminology we employ. These serovars are collectively known as typhoidalsalmonel
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