Impact Of Traffic Congestion On Workers Health A Case Study Of Lagos State, Nigeria

Impact Of Traffic Congestion On Workers Health A Case Study Of Lagos State, Nigeria

Chapter o

Preface

Background of the Study

transport is an important aspect of mortal civilization because it reflects the profitable position and technological progress of a given society. metropolises and business have developed hand in hand since the first mortal agreement. according to armah, yawson and papson( 2009) set up a myriad of challenges for the transportation system with respect to negative purposes, similar as business traffic and environmental pitfalls. still, it can not be ignored that buses give freedom, inflexibility and mobility to a large number of people, but the health and environmental goods of business traffic are a matter of growing concern. the same forces that drive people to congregate in large civic areas occasionally lead to intolerable situations of business traffic on megacity thoroughfares and thoroughfares. in addition, the increase in income, combined with a lesser propensity to the mobility of people and inadequate mass transportation of the installations, has led to a sharp increase in the power and use of buses in the main metropolises. the appearance of business and, accordingly, business traffic have revealed the need to ameliorate business inflow to reduce trip times, safety, average energy consumption and healthy surroundings( ferguson etal., 2004

a number of specific circumstances beget or aggravate traffic. utmost of them reduce the capacity of a road at any given time, or indeed a certain length, or increase the number of vehicles needed for a given volume of people or goods( carlos, 1999

the miracle of road business traffic came egregious due to the rapid-fire increase in the number of vehicles because it’s affordable, safer and briskly. other possible cause includes lack of indispensable means of original transport( rail, air or water transportation), unplanned road works with little or no practical diversions, broken down vehicles left in the middle of the roads, poor road structure and absence of an effective public transport system. allocation of road good instruments to rickety and road unworthy vehicles and licenses to unskillful motorists and casualness for business regulations by motorists are major causes of road business traffi

the business traffic miracle has come apparent due to the rapid-fire increase in the number of vehicles because it’s affordable, safer and briskly. other possible causes include the lack of indispensable original transport( rail, air or water), unplanned road works with little or no practical divagation, broken vehicles left in the middle of the roads, poor road structure and lack of an effective public. transport system. the allocation of business instruments for vehicles in poor condition and in poor condition and motorist’s licenses for unskillful motorists, and motorists’ failure to misbehave with business regulations are the main causes of road traffi

in addition to these egregious causes, employment patterns, income situations and poor conservation of our roads, poor pool due to poor supervision and control, bribery and negligence of merchandisers can laterally obstruct business( ellimah, 2009). in nigeria in general, and in lagos in particular, the poor configuration of metropolises has paved the way for patient business logjams. lagos, for illustration, isn’t only a large megacity, but also an profitable center where colorful artificial, maritime, banking, governmental and private conditioning attend. it’s believed to be the busiest megacity in nigeri

Statement Of The Problem

business traffic is getting an adding source of air pollution. first, business traffic increase emigrations, motor vehicles surfaced as the topmost contributor to atmosphere warming as buses , motorcars and exchanges release adulterants and green house feasts that promotes global warming

business traffic makes automobilist to inhale vehicular bank emigration performing into conditions. carlos( 1999) editorialized that inhalation of particulate matter is associated with increase in people with asthma, reduction in lung function and admission to sanitarium for respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. fergusson, mahiswalis and daly( 2004) also agreed that air pollution has been lined to morbidity and mortality from colorful conditions similar as coronary complaint, aggravation of respiratory complaint and obstructive pulmonary conditions. it’s in relation to nasal and optical symptoms that vehicle exhaust smothers presumably have their topmost goods. checks in germany and japan have shown a advanced frequence of antipathetic rhinitis in areas with heavy pollution from machine exhausts,( wikipedia, 2010). road business traffic creates internal stress. stress can be caused by the quantum of business traffic performing into road rage has come an adding social problem. it has been the cause of numerous attacks on auto motorists and has indeed redounded in several deaths. diseases attributable to stress includes hypertension, headache, backache, skin complaint, perverse bowel pattern and ulcers. stress is also believed to contribute to coronary heart complaint and some case of cancer( averbach and cambling, 1997). stress can also contribute to some respiratory complaint. for illustration, stress can spark asthma while propinquity to business was lately reported to be associated with wheeze in babies, air pollution related to business is significantly associated with triggering of gasping symptoms in the first 3 times of life( andersen, et al 2008). nearly one in three motorists suffers from a recently honored complaint, named “ business stress pattern ”. this is a form of cerebral anxiety that clearly affect motorists, while stuck in business. symptoms typically show after being held up in business. it’s characterized by increased heart rates, headaches, and sweaty triumphs. in more severe cases, motorists report nausea, dizziness and stomach cramp

General And Specific Objects Of The Study

the general ideal of this study was to examine the goods of business traffic on the workers who witness it daily in lagos, to achieve this; the following specific objects were se

to identify the causes of civic business traffic in lag

to find out the types of health challenges traffic locks causes to worker

to determine the relationship between business traffic and health in lago

to proffer probable resul

Research Hypothes

thesis o

ho there’s a significant relationship between business traffic and health goods in lag

hi there’s no relationship between business traffic and health goods in lag

thesis t

ho workers develop health challenges as a result of business traffic in lago

hi workers do n’t develop health challenges as a result of business traffic in lago

Significance of the Study

health is a state of complete physical, internal and social well being not simply the absence of a complaint or infirmity( who, 1948

this study is veritably important as it touches a critical aspect of life, that’s workers. workers are the bus of government and private businesses. the way their health is treated would determine their productivity. so this study would be important to private employers, government agencies, road druggies and the workers themselv

compass and delimitation of the stu

the compass of this study is concentrated on business locks and its effect on workers in lagos state. due to fiscal and time constraint, the study was limited to lagos mainland area of lagos stat

Description Of Terms

the following terms were used in the course of this study

business this refers to all vehicles, climbers, vessels, or aeroplanes that are moving in a particular are

road stoner anyone who uses a road, similar as a rambler, cyclist or automobilis

health goods changes in health performing from exposure to business loc

Association Of The Study

this exploration work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows chapter one is concerned with the preface, which correspond of the( overview, of the study), literal background, statement of problem, objects of the study, exploration suppositions, significance of the study, compass and limitation of the study, description of terms and literal background of the study. chapter two highlights the theoretical frame on which the study is grounded, therefore the review of affiliated literature. chapter three deals on the exploration design and methodology espoused in the study. chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and donation of finding. chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.dykst.a.dymse.dyes).dys.s.woososneistss.s.ost.dys.g.lema.c.c.).).dyceneer five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.