NUTRITIONAL DISORDER COMMONLY FOUND IN NIGERIA

NUTRITIONAL DISORDER COMMONLY FOUND IN NIGERIA

TABLE OF MATERIALS

PAGES

Title page I

Certificate II

Dedication iv

iv. acknowledgement

vi. Table of Contents

CHAPITRE ONE

1st Introduction

CHAPITRE TWO

2.0 Personal History of a Nutritional Disorder 5

2.1 Review of Literature

8 Nutritional Disorder Diagnosis

2.3 Symptoms and Causes 9

Malnutrition’s Effect 2.4

2.5 Protein’s Influence on Energy Malnutrition 11

2.6 Food Classes, Deficiency, Symptoms, and Causes 14

CHAPITRE THREE

3.0 Methods and Materials 18

Kwashiorkor 19 Identification Method 3.1

3.2 Prediction of Chemical Nutritional Status

Urine analysis and the Anthropometric Method 20

21.3.3 Anaemia Detection Method

3.4 Method of Detecting Iodine Deficiency 22

3.5 Method for Detecting Vitamin A Deficiency 23

3.6 Ricket and osteomalacia detection method 24

3.7 Scurvy detection technique

CHAPITRE FOUR

27. 4.0 Discussion and Results

4.1 Protein Energy Symptoms and Control

Malnutrition is a condition in which a person is malnourished.

Washiorkor 28

Marasmus 30

Anaemia 32: 4.2 Symptoms and Management

4.3 Vitamin A deficiency symptoms and treatment 33

4.4 Symptoms and management of vitamin C 35

4.5 Symptoms and management of rickets and osteomalacia 36

38 4.6 Goiter Symptoms and Management

40 4.7 Pellagra Symptoms and Management

CHAPITRE FIVE

42.0 Conclusion

5.1 Suggestion 42

REFERENCES 44

CHAPITRE ONE

1.0 INVESTIGATION

A nutritional disorder is a disease caused by a nutritional imbalance, either over or under nutrition. A nutritional disorder can occur as a result of eating too much or too little of a specific nutrient, such as vitamins or minerals. (www.studenttechnology.com.). When there is a scarcity of food

or more of the common nutrients found in food, one or more disease conditions may develop. These diseases are called “deficiency disease”. Akinjayeju (Akinjayeju, 1999).

Nutritional deficiency is defined as any change in the structure or function of body cells and tissues caused by a lack of one or more nutrients or calories in the body. There are two types of nutritional deficiencies: primary and secondary deficiency. The nature and types of deficiency diseases that can occur are determined by the nutrient that the body lacks. Akinjayeju (Akinjayeju, 1999).

The most common deficiency disease is one caused by insufficient protein in the diet and a general scarcity or lack of food, resulting in an inability to meet the body’s energy requirements. Such diseases are referred to as

malnutrition protein calorie (PCM). This disease is common in infants and children, especially those under the age of six, and manifests as either Kwashiorkor (due to a lack of protein or a deficiency of certain essential amino acids) or marasmus (due to an energy and protein shortage) (Akinjayeju, 1999).

Any system in the body, as well as the senses of sight, taste, and smell, can be affected by a nutritional disorder. Malnutrition begins with nutrient changes in the blood and tissues (www.studenttechnology.com.).

In addition to deficiency diseases, there are specific nutritional disorders that are a major concern in developing countries such as Nigeria. The World Health Organization has identified three of these nutritional diseases, which she believes deserve special attention and priority on a global scale.

The following are examples of “hidden hunger”: iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin C deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, and iodine deficiency disorder. Akinjayeju (Akinjayeju, 1999).

Nutritional disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including a lack of food and poverty. Malnutrition symptoms vary depending on which nutrients are deficient in the body, and they include: fatigue, dizziness, anemia, diarrhea, goiter, and so on (www.studenttechnologycom.).

The significance of nutritional assessment cannot be overstated because it serves several functions. When nutritional assessments are performed correctly, they allow for the identification of the nutrient(s) whose supply is adequate or insufficient, as well as the making of appropriate decisions regarding the scope of nutritional supports that are required. Furthermore, when such nutritional support is finally provided, further evaluation is possible.

To properly assess its effectiveness and success (Akinjayeju, 1999).

Thus, the objectives of this project include:

(1) To identify and assess the effects of some nutritional disorders prevalent in Nigeria.

(2) Identifying the causes of such disorders

(3) Outline potential prevention strategies for such nutritional disorders.