PLANNING IMPLICATIONS OF HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

PLANNING IMPLICATIONS OF HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

abstract

The purpose of this research is to look into the housing development in Jos Jarawa. In order to generate data on the physical, social, and economic characteristics of households, 150 households were surveyed across the District using a simple random sampling technique. The analysis revealed that residents live in a high-density zone, with their occupation as householders serving as the foundation for determining status. It is assumed that a person’s status translates into his earning, which influences his choice of location and type of housing. During the research, it was discovered that the majority of residents live in substandard housing with inadequate infrastructure and facilities. The densely populated areas are unplanned and unsafe, with poor sanitary conditions. We can conclude from the state of the neighborhoods that Government has long neglected such areas in terms of infrastructure development, social amenities provision, and enforcement of development control standards. Based on the findings, the study made appropriate recommendations, such as the need for a policy that provides public housing for low-income earners in Jos Plateau, as well as the implementation of an urban renewal program for the area.

CONTENTS TABLE

INTRODUCTION TO CHAPTER ONE

…………………………………………………………………….1

1.1 Study Background………………………………….1

1.2 Problem Statement……………………………………………………………4

1.3 Research Questions……………………………………………………………………………………………………………5

1.4 Study Objectives…………………………………………………………………………….6

1.5 Study Objective………………………………………………………………6

1.6 Study Scope………………………………………………………………………………………………….6

1.7 Field of Study………………………………………………………………………………………………………7

1.7.1 Location and Population…………………………………………………………………………………………..8

1.7.2 Drainage and Relief

…………………………………………………………………….8

1.7.3 Climate and Weather………………………………………………………………………………………………..9

1.7.4 Topography and Geology…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….9

1.7.5 Vegetation………………………………………………………………………………………………………10

1.7.6 People…………………………………………………………………………………10

1.8 Operational Terminology………………………………………………………………………………………………10

REVIEW OF LITERATURE IN CHAPTER TWO

…………………………………………………………12

2.1 Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………………………………………………………….12

2.2 Housing Concept………………………………………………………………………………………………………………13

2.3 Accommodation Market………………………………………………………………………………..17

2.4 Nigerian Housing Market………………………………………………………………………………….17

2.4.1 Residence Demand…………………………………………………………………………….18

2.4.2 Housing Supply…………………………………………………………………………………………………….19

2.5 Housing Provision in Nigeria………………………………………………………………………………………………..19

2.5.1 The Private Sector……………………………………………………………………………………………………..20

2.5.1.1 Individuals……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….20

2.5.1.2 Cooperative Bodies………………………………………………………………………………………………20

2.5.1.3 Corporate Bodies………………………………………………………………………………………………….21

2.5.1.4 Estate Developers/Agents………………………………………………………………………………………21

2.5.1.5 Non-Governmental and Voluntary Organizations……………………21

2.5.1.6 Foreign Partners/Investors…………………………………………………………………………….22

2.5.2 The Public Sector…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2.5.2.1 The Initial National

2.5.2.2 The National Development Plan II (1970-1974) ……………………………………..22

2.5.2.3 National Development Plan No. 3 (1975-1980)

………………………………………………23

2.5.2.4 Fourth National Development Strategy (1981-1985) ………………………………………23

2.5.2.5 From 1985 to the present…………………………………………………………………………………….23

2.6 Housing Theories

……………………………………………………………..24

2.6.1 Housing Adjustment Theory (Morris and Winter 1978)

…………………………………26

2.6.2 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon’s Anarchist Theory of Housing……………………………..26

2.6.3 The Marxist Housing Theory ……………………………………………………………………..26

2.6.4 The Theory of the Housing Common(s) (Hodkinson, 2012)

………………………………………..27

2.7 Planning Concept………………………………………………………………………………………28

2.7.1 Planning Authorities………………………………………………………………………………………………..29

2.7.2 Housing Planning Policies………………………………………………………………………………………………………31

2.8 Housing Construction

………………………………………………………………33

2.9 Planning Consequences of Poor Housing Development

…………………………………………..34

2.10 Development of Long-Term Housing

……………………………………………………………………36

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (CHAPTER 3)

………………………………………..38

3.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………….38

3.2 Research Design/Method………………………………………………………………………………………………………38

3.2.1 Primary data………………………………………………………………………………………………………38

3.2.1.1 Questionnaire…………………………………………………………………………………..39

3.3.1.2 Focus Group Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………39

3.3.1.3 Interview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………39

3.3.1.4 Observation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………40

3.3.2 Secondary Data…………………………………………………………………………………………..40

3.3 Study Population………………………………………………………………………………..40

3.4 Study Sample Size……………………………………………..40

3.5 Sampling Method

of the Research……………………………………………………….41

3.6 Data Analysis Method……………………………………………………………………………….41

CHAPITRE FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS……………………………….42

4.1 Presentation of Field Data………………………………………………………………42

4.2 Respondent Demographic Characteristics………………………………………………..42

4.3 Housing Features……………………………………………………………………………….51

4.3.1 Habitable Rooms per House……………………………………………………………………………54

4.3.2 Households per House…………………………………………………………………………………54

4.3.3 Occupancy of Rooms Status…………………………………………………………………………………55

4.3.4 Household Amenities………………………………………………..56

4.3.5 House Completion Stage……………………………………………………………………………………57

4.4 Housing Conditions………………………………………………………………………………………………….58

4.5 Housing Maintenance

………………………………………………………………60

4.6 Provision for Utility Services………………………………………………………………61

4.6.1 Water Access……………………………………………………….61

4.6.2 Public Electricity Grid Access

……………………………………………..63

4.6.3 Sanitation Services……………………………………………………………………64

4.7 Common Disease

………………………………………………………………………67

4.8 Justification for Living Choice

…………………………………………………………………..69

4.9 Employees of Statutory Housing Agencies

……………………………………………………………………..69

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN CHAPTER FIVE……74

5.1 Findings Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….74

5.2 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………75

5.3 Recommendations……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..76

References………………………………………………………………………………..79

Appendices……………………………………………………………………………85

TABLES IN ORDER

Table 1: Respondents’ Gender

…………………………………………………………………………………….42

Table 2 shows the age structure of respondents.

…………………………………………………………….43

Table 3:

Respondents’ Marital Status……………………………………………………………………..44

Table 4 shows the educational status of respondents.

………………………………………………………………45

Table 5: Respondents’ Occupational Status

…………………………………………………………….47

Table 6: Respondents’ Income Levels………………………………………………………………………………..48

Table 7: House Design……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….49

Table 8: Respondents’ Duration of Stay

…………………………………………………………….50

Table 9: Wall Finishing Material………………………………………………………………………………………………….52

Table 10: Study Area Habitable Room

……………………………………………………………..54

Households in the Study Area (Table 11)

……………………………………………………………………55

Table 12: Toilet Facility Availability…………………………………………………………………………………56

Table 13: Kitchen Facility Availability in the Household

………………………………………57

Table 14: House Completion Stage Prior to Move-In……………………………………….57

Table 15: Roof Leaking in a Building……………………………………………………………………………………………………..59

Table 16: Housing Maintenance in the Study Area

……………………………………….61

Table 17: Water Accessibility…………………………………………………………………………………………………………62

Table 18: Water Supply Source…………………………………………………………………………………………..62

Table 19 Ventilated Improved Pit Sewage (Septic Tank)…………………………………………………………64

Table 20: Distances from the dumpsite to the house………………………………………………………………………………………..66

Table 21: Typical

Diseases discovered in the Study Area ………………………………………………68

Table 22: The Benefits of Living in the Study Area

……………………………………………………………….69

Table 23: Respondent Distribution by Housing Professional………………………………..70

Table 24: Respondent Distribution by Years of Experience

…………………………………70

Table 25: Average Time to Approve Land Allocation……………………………….70

Table 26: Average Time to Approve a Land Title……………………………………….70

Table 27: Average Time to Approve a Building Plan………………………………….71

Table 28: Number of Building Construction Site Inspections/Visits……………………71

Table 29: Evaluation of the bureaucratic procedures involved in the Housing Process……..71

Table 30: Training Participation……………………………………………………………………………………………………….72

Table 31: Influencing Factors on Housing Professional Performance……………………………..72

Table 32: The Agency’s Major Challenges

…………………………………………………….73

LIST OF IMAGES

Figure 1: Nigerian Map with Plateau State……………………………………………………………………..7

Figure 2: A Conceptual Framework for Appreciating Sustainable Housing Development…12

Fig. 3:

: Respondent’s sex……………………………………………………………………………………………..43

Figure 4: Respondents’ Ages…………………………………………………………………………………………..44

Figure 5: Respondents’ Marital Status…………………………………………………………………………….45

Figure 6: Respondents’ Educational Status

…………………………………………………………….46

Figure 7: Respondents’ Occupations

……………………………………………………………………….47

Figure 8: Respondents’ Income Levels…………………………………………………………………………….48

Fig. 9: House Design……………………………………………………………………………………………49

Figure 10: Respondents’ Duration of Stay……………………………………………………………………..50

Figure 11: Materials for the Study Area’s Wall

……………………………………………………51

Fig. 12: Wall Finishing Materials…………………………………………………………………………….53

Figure 13: House Roof Materials in the Study Area

…………………………………………………..53

Figure 14: Number of People Per Room…………………………………………………………………………………………..55

Figure 15: Respondent’s Toilet Facilities………………………………………………………………56

Fig. 16: Plumbing Connection Availability in the House in the Study Area………….58

Figure 17: Public Electricity Grid Access

…………………………………………………………………..63

Figure 18: Disposed Liquid Waste……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..64

THE PLATE LIST

Mud House in the Study Area, Plate 1

………………………………………………………………………52

Plate 2: Joshua Crack Wall

Itse Street…………………………………………………………………………………………..59

Plate 3: Tina Junction’s 2-story leaking roof along Duste Uku Road……………………….60

Plate 4: Waste water discharged directly into the Open Street near Tina Junction……..65

Plate 5: Roll-off dumpster along Bauchi Ring Road…………………………………………………………………66

Plate 6: Arin Street dump in Jos Jarawa

………………………………………………………….67

Plate 7: Jos Jarawa’s dilapidated house

…………………………………………………………………..68