POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Abstract
Regarding whether or not exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) is a cause of disease or other health effects, the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) has updated the previous opinion on “Possible effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF), Radio Frequency Fields (RF), and Microwave Radiation on Human Health” by the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE) from 2001. The opinion is mostly supported by research publications that have been published in peer-reviewed scientific journals in English. Only research that are thought to be pertinent for the task are referenced and discussed in the opinion. The opinion is divided into four frequency (f) bands: radio frequency (RF) (100 kHz f â 300 GHz), intermediate frequency (IF) (300 Hz f â 100 kHz), and static (0 Hz) (only static magnetic fields are taken into consideration in this opinion). Effects on the environment are covered in a separate section.
RF fields (radio frequency fields)
Numerous studies, including epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro research, have been carried out investigating the potential health effects of exposure to low intensity RF fields since the 2001 opinion was adopted. In conclusion, no consistently proven health harm has been found at exposure levels below the upper limits set by the 1998-founded ICNIRP (International Committee on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection). The evaluation data base is still small, especially for chronic low-level exposure.
IF fields (intermediate frequency fields)
There are very little experimental and epidemiological data from the IF range. As a result, the evaluation of immediate health risks in the IF range now relies on established dangers at lower and higher frequencies. It is crucial to properly evaluate and assess any potential health impacts of prolonged exposure to IF fields because new and developing technologies are increasing human exposure to these fields.
ELF fields (extremely low frequency fields)
The earlier finding that ELF magnetic fields may be carcinogenic—primarily based on the prevalence of juvenile leukemia—remains true. Recent studies have shown that there is little chance of a link between cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. The relationship between brain tumors and ELF fields is still unclear for neurodegenerative illnesses. Electrical hypersensitivity, which is another name for self-reported symptoms, has not been linked consistently to ELF fields.
Fixed Fields
Static magnetic fields include relatively little information that is adequate for a meaningful risk assessment. Risk analyses must be conducted in connection to occupational exposure as technologies using static magnetic fields, such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) equipment, advance.
Effects on the Environment
To determine if a single exposure standard is suitable to shield all environmental species from EMF, there are not enough data available. In a similar vein, the data are insufficient to determine whether environmental criteria should be substantially similar to or different from those necessary to protect human health.
Text Of The Chapter
Acknowledgments ——–.3
Summary ——4
Executive Summary — — 6.
1. Context ——–.8
2. Reference Terms —– 10
3. Scientific Justification —– 11
3.2. Methods —- 11
3.1. Introduction ——-12
Radio frequency fields (RF fields) are a subset of electromagnetic fields —-13
3.3.1. Sources of exposure and their distribution in the population —- 13
3.3.2. Cancer —-15
3.3.2.1 Epidemiology: ——– 15
3.3.2.2. In situ —- 20
3.3.2.3. In vitro —- 21 ——
.3.3.3. ——. 21 Symptoms——. 23 3.3.4. Effects on the nervous system 25 3.3.5. Different human species ——– 27
Reproduction and development 3.3.6—-. 27 3.3.7. Children’s sensitivity——– 27
3.3.8. Findings about RF fields Intermediate frequency fields (IF fields) are described in Section 3.4. Sources and population exposure distribution are described in Section 3.4.1. Health effects are discussed in Section 3.4.2. Conclusions concerning IF fields —– 29 3.4.3Extremely low frequency fields (ELF fields) ——. 30 3.5. Population exposure sources and distribution ——-. 30 3.5.1.3.5.2. Cancer 30. Epidemiology: ——– 31 3.5.2.13.5.3. Symptoms —-. 31 3.5.2.2. In vivo —-. 32 3.5.2.3. In vitro —-.35.5.4. Additional Health Effects3.5.4.1. Epidemiology — 36Conclusions concerning ELF fields —-. 36 3.5.4.2. In vivo —-. 36 3.5.4.3. In vitro —-. 37 3.5.5.Static fields, section 37, number 37. Sources and population exposure distribution, section 3.6.1 — 38 3.6.2. Effects on healthConclusions about static fields —–. 38 3.6.3 38 3.7. Environmental Impacts —- 38
4. CONCLUSION—-. 41
5. COMMENTS HEARD DURING PUBLIC CONSULTATION -.
6. OPINION OF A MINORITY—— 47
7. ABBREVIATIONS LISTED IN 48
8. RESEARCH SOURCES ——–.
9. GLOSSAIRE —— 63 ABSTRACT
Regarding whether or not exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) is a cause of disease or other health effects, the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) has updated the previous opinion on “Possible effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF), Radio Frequency Fields (RF), and Microwave Radiation on Human Health” by the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE) from 2001. The opinion is mostly supported by research publications that have been published in peer-reviewed scientific journals in English. Only research that are thought to be pertinent for the task are referenced and discussed in the opinion. The opinion is divided into four frequency (f) bands: radio frequency (RF) (100 kHz f â 300 GHz), intermediate frequency (IF) (300 Hz f â 100 kHz), and static (0 Hz) (only static magnetic fields are taken into consideration in this opinion). Effects on the environment are covered in a separate section.
RF fields (radio frequency fields)
Numerous studies, including epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro research, have been carried out investigating the potential health effects of exposure to low intensity RF fields since the 2001 opinion was adopted. In conclusion, no consistently proven health harm has been found at exposure levels below the upper limits set by the 1998-founded ICNIRP (International Committee on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection). The evaluation data base is still small, especially for chronic low-level exposure.
IF fields (intermediate frequency fields)
There are very little experimental and epidemiological data from the IF range. As a result, the evaluation of immediate health risks in the IF range now relies on established dangers at lower and higher frequencies. It is crucial to properly evaluate and assess any potential health impacts of prolonged exposure to IF fields because new and developing technologies are increasing human exposure to these fields.
ELF fields (extremely low frequency fields)
The earlier finding that ELF magnetic fields may be carcinogenic—primarily based on the prevalence of juvenile leukemia—remains true. Recent studies have shown that there is little chance of a link between cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. The relationship between brain tumors and ELF fields is still unclear for neurodegenerative illnesses. Electrical hypersensitivity, which is another name for self-reported symptoms, has not been linked consistently to ELF fields.
Fixed Fields
Static magnetic fields include relatively little information that is adequate for a meaningful risk assessment. Risk analyses must be conducted in connection to occupational exposure as technologies using static magnetic fields, such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) equipment, advance.
Effects on the Environment
To determine if a single exposure standard is suitable to shield all environmental species from EMF, there are not enough data available. In a similar vein, the data are insufficient to determine whether environmental criteria should be substantially similar to or different from those necessary to protect human health.
TEXT OF THE CHAPTER
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ——–.3 SUMMARY ——4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY — — 6.
1. CONTEXT ——–.8
2. REFERENCE TERMS —– 10
3. SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION —- 11 3.1. Introductory paragraph 3.2. MethodsRadio frequency fields (RF fields) are a subset of electromagnetic fields. —–. 13 3.3.1. The population’s exposure sources and dispersionthirteen.3.2. Cancer ——– 15 3.3.2.Epidemiology, first15 3.3.2.2. In vivo —- 3.3.2.3. In vitro 20 ——.——. 21 3.3.3. Consequences23 3.3.4. Effects on the nervous system ——-. 25 3.3.5. Other people, human ——– 27 3.3.6. Development and reproduction—-. 27 3.3.7. Children’s sensitivity——– 27 3.3.8. Findings about RF fields Intermediate Frequency Fields (IF fields) —— 28 Sources of exposure and population exposure distribution — 29 3.4.2. Effects on Health Conclusions concerning IF fields —– 29 3.4.3Extremely low frequency fields (ELF fields) 30 3.5 ——-. 30 3.5.1. Exposure sources and their distribution in the population.Cancer 2. Epidemiology: ——– 31 3.5.2.131 3.5.2.2. In vivo —- —. 32 3.5.2.3. In vitro33 3.5.3. Signs and symptoms35.5.4. Additional Health Effects— 36 3.5.4.Epidemiology, first36 3.5.4.2. In vivo 3.5.4.3. In vitro 36 ——.37 3.5.5. Conclusions regarding ELF fieldsStatic fields, section 37, number 37. Sources and population exposure distribution — 38 3.6.1 — 38 3.6.2 — Health consequencesConclusions about static fields —–. 38 3.6.3 38 3.7. Environmental Impacts —- 38
4. CONCLUSION—-. 41
5. COMMENTS HEARD DURING PUBLIC CONSULTATION -.
6. OPINION OF A MINORITY—— 47
7. ABBREVIATIONS LIST —- 48
8. RESEARCH SOURCES ——–. 50
GLOSSARY ——— 63 9.
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