PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG AGED PEOPLE AND OTHER YOUTH OF 27 YEARS AND ABOVE

PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG AGED PEOPLE AND OTHER YOUTH OF 27 YEARS AND ABOVE

CHAPITRE ONE

1.1 THE STUDY’S BACKGROUND

Prevalence is simply defined as the number of people sick or on the verge of becoming unwell from a specific condition in a given community at a given period. (2013) (John I. Chaveh).

Diabetes mellitus is a Greek word that means “a siphon.” Diaabainein was named by Aretus the Cappadocian, a Greek physician in the second century A.D. He described patients who had excessive thirst (polyuria). From the English use of the Medieval Latin diabetes in 1675, the word became “diabetes” like a siphon. Although diabetes is typically referred to simply as diabetes, Thomas Willis added mellitus to the phrase. Mel means “honey” in Latin.

Diabetes mellitus is defined by the Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary Sixth Edition as “any metabolic disorder resulting in excessive thirst and the production of large volumes of urine.”

Diabetes mellitus is a set of metabolic illnesses characterized by excessive blood glucose levels. Because of insufficient insulin production, or because the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin, or both. Christian Norguist wrote it in April of 2010 and rewrote it in July of 2012 (Gobsle Com). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic illness caused by a relative absence of insulin in the body. A lack of insulin, whether absolute or relative, affects carbohydrate metabolism, resulting in sugar accumulation in the blood and later in the urine.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic or acute disease that affects as many as 16 million Americans for unknown reasons. Diabetes mellitus is increasing in our population to the point where public health officials are calling diabetes an epidemic that requires immediate attention. Of the 16 million people with diabetes, one-third do not know. Every year, an additional 8,000,000 cases are diagnosed.

Diabetes mellitus, the most prevalent endocrine condition, develops when there is a lack of insulin or, in rare cases, an impairment of insulin function. Insulin resistance causes varying degrees of disruption of carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Wilson, Ross (2010).

Diabetes presently affects more than 6% of the population, and it is predicted that over 9% of Americans will have diabetes by 2016. Diabetes is the sixth greatest cause of death in the United States, with a health expenditure of approximately S100 billion per year (Alaribe H.A. 2009).

Similarly, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the elderly is widespread, with Yitti ward Lau Local Government Area Taraba State being no exception.

1.2 THE PROBLEM’S STATEMENT

Diabetes mellitus prevalence among the elderly and youth: a case study of Yitti Ward Lau Local Government Area, Taraba State is a problem to all health providers, particularly those in the corn munity and the government.

Diabetes mellitus in the elderly is classified into two types: type 1 and type 21 diabetes, which account for around 5 to 10% of all diagnosed diabetes.

As a result, it is less prevalent than type 2. It is an autoimmune illness, which means that your immune system, your body’s defense system against infection, has gone crazy and has destroyed the cells in your pancreas that create insulin, therefore type 2 diabetes is known as non-insulin dependent diabetes. Diabetes mellitus of mature onset. This type of diabetes mellitus differs from type 1 diabetes in how the body produces insulin.

kind 2 diabetes is the most common kind of diabetes, accounting for 90 to 95 percent of all diabetes cases. It typically appears after the age of 40. Type 2 diabetes is a progressive condition that can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, renal disease, limb amputation, and blindness (Alaribe H.A, 2009).

In light of this, the researcher wishes to investigate the underlying cause of diabetes mellitus in older persons through a case study of Yitti Ward Lau Local Government Area, Taraba State.

1.3 THE STUDY’S OBJECTIVE

1.3.1 OVERALL OBJECTIVES

To ascertain the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the elderly in the Yitti ward Lau Local Government Area.

1.3.2 UNIQUE OBJECTIVE

It was specifically intended for;

1. To determine the primary etiology of diabetes mellitus in the elderly and other cases in Yitti Ward Lau Local Government Area, Taraba State.

2. To determine the percentage of elderly individuals and other youth aged 27 and under in Yitti ward Lau Local Government Area, Taraba State, who have chronic diabetes mellitus.

3. Determine whether the socioeconomic situation of parents influences the food consumption of elderly and other youth in the research area.

4. To discover strategies to prevent diabetes mellitus among the elderly and other youth aged 27 in Yitti Ward Lau LGA, Taraba State.

1.4 QUESTION FOR RESEARCH

1. What are the primary causes of diabetes melitus among the elderly and others aged 27 and up in Yitti ward Lau LGA Taraba State?

2. What percentage of the elderly have chronic diabetes mellitus?

3. What are the diabetes prevention measures in Yitti Ward Lau Local Government Area, Taraba State?

4. How does a parent’s socioeconomic situation effect the level of food intake of their children and other youth in the research area?

1.5 THE STUDY’S SIGNIFICANCE

The findings of this study will assist parents, families, individual health care providers, and the government in understanding the severity of diabetes mellitus among the elderly and other youth in Yitti ward. Local Government Area in Taraba State in order to plan curative, control, and preventive measures.

1.6 THE STUDY’S DELIMITATION (SCOPE)

The study is limited to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among males and females in Yitti ward Lau Local Government Area, Taraba State. It excludes children and adolescents.

1.7 TERMS AND CONDITIONS

METABOLISH: All of the chemical and physical changes that occur within the body to allow it to continue growing and functioning (Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary).

CARBOHYDRATES: These are organic compounds that include carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 2: 1 (Gemson 2007).

OBESITY: Is a condition in which the body’s excess fat has accumulated primarily in the subcutaneous region.

DIABETES MELLITUS: A carbohydrate metabolic condition in which sugars in the body are not metabolized to produce energy due to a lack of pancreatic hormones. The sixth edition of the Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary was published in 2002.

HYPOGLYCAEMIA: A lack of glucose in the bloodstream, resulting in muscle weakness and incoordination, as well as mental confusion and perspiration (Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary).

HYPERGLYCAEMIA (Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary): An excess of glucose in the bloodstream.

GLUCOSE: A simple sugar with six carbon atoms.

POLYURIA is the production of huge amounts of watery and pale urine.

PANCREAS: A compound gland about 15cm long that resides below the stomach, one end in the duodenum’s curve, the other end in the duodenum’s curve, and the other end contacts the spleen.

INSULIN: Is a protein hormone produced in the pancreas by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans that is vital for regulating blood sugar (glucose).

RENAL FAILURE: This is caused by diabetes nephropathy, which affects the kidneys and is a leading cause of mortality among diabetics. Ross and Wilson, 11th Edition, 2010.

ISLET: A tiny collection of cells that differ structurally from the cells around it.

RETINOPATHY: Any of several retinal conditions that cause disability.