PROCESS FOR REFINING VEGETABLE OIL AND ITS FOOD VALUE

PROCESS FOR REFINING VEGETABLE OIL AND ITS FOOD VALUE

TABLE OF MATERIALS

CHAPITRE ONE

INTRODUCTION

CHAPITRE TWO

2.1 The Palm Oil Palm

2.2 Extraction and Refinement of Vegetable Oil

2.3 Vegetable Oil Classification and Sources

2.4 Vegetable Oil’s Physical Properties and Chemical Reactions

2.5 The Role of Vegetable Oil in the Diet

2.6 Vegetable Oil Utilization and Production

Oil Quality Is Influenced by 2.7 Factors

2.8 Vegetable Oil Preservation Technique

2.9 Issues Affecting the Vegetable Oil Industry

2.10 High Cholesterol

2.11 Cholesterol-Containing Foods

2.12 Cardiovascular Effects of Cholesterol, Other Lipids, and Lipoproteins

2.13 Lowering Cholesterol Levels in the Body

CHAPITRE THREE

Conclusion and Suggestion

References

CHAPITRE ONE

INTRODUCTION

Palm oil is a commercial product made from palm fruit (Elaesis Guineesis). It is derived from the fleshy messieurs of the fruit of the fig tree.

The oil palm contains 45-55% oil. Palm oil is a type of fat and oil, which are collectively referred to as lipids. It is a plant-based oil.

However, oil palm exists in a semi-cultivated and cultivated state in three types of equatorial tropics:

– On the African continent

– The continent of South-East Africa

– And in the United States of America

It is native to West Africa and grows wild in much of Southern Nigeria.

The oil palm produces the most oil per unit area of any crop and produces two distinct oils. Palm oil is found in the outer fibrous layer, and palm kernel oil is found in the inner hard unit, both of which are important in international trade.

Despite the fact that both palm oil and palm kernel are derived from the

During the manufacturing process, pulp is produced. The international trade in palm oil began in the early nineteenth century, while the trade in palm kernels developed after 1850.

Naturally, the oil palm must be harvested before it can be processed. This usually happens when the fruit bunches change color from black to orange and the fruiting body separates from the stalk (Piggott, 1990; p. 109).

When the produce is harvested, it is transported to the mill where the palm oil is extracted. This procedure is divided into four stages:

– Sterilization of the environment

– Removing useless bunches

– Recipes

– The extraction of petroleum

Furthermore, crude vegetable oil is extracted from seeds/nuts.

It is currently done primarily through solvent extraction, whereas it was previously done through physical means.

As an example, apply heavy pressure to the seed/nut.

Palm oil, on the other hand, is the most important source of edible oils and fats. Because of the presence of natural saturated fats, the oil is semi-solid at room temperature. It is a good source of dietary energy, yielding about a calorie. Palm oil contains fatty acid components that are essential nutrients (FAO, 1966: p, 119-121), and their functional and textural properties contribute to the popularity and palatability of many natural and prepared foods. It is simple to digest, absorb, and use in normal metabolic processes. The oil is low in cholesterol and high in carotenoids.

Palm oil naturally contains a high level of tocols (vitamin E), which are natural anti-oxidants. It has a lot of

Linolenic acid at a concentration of 100 and a moderate proportion of linolenic acid, the most easily oxidized component of oils. Natural palm oil is well-known for its high temperature stability. The low content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which centers on rancidity resistance.

Furthermore, vitamins are food factors that cannot be synthesized in the human body and must be obtained through the diet, albeit in small amounts.

The fat-soluble vitamins are as follows:

Vitamin A is one of the most important vitamins.

– D-Ascorbic acid

Vitamin E is an antioxidant.

Vitamin K is a type of vitamin.

Are found in fats and oils. Nature’s most abundant source of vitamin A carotene is natural palm oil. In nature, there are approximately six hundred known carotenoids, rangity from yellow orange to red, lives and some of these pipmeirts possess vitamin A

activity of varying degrees.

With a concentration of 500-750 ppm, red palm oil is one of the richest natural plant sources of carotenoids. Carotenoids are not found in significant quantities in any other vegetable oil.

One of the most important phytonutrients in edible oils is vitamin E. It is made up of eight naturally occurring isomers: four tocopherots (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) and four tocotrinots (alpha, beta, ——mma, and delta) homologues.

Tocotrinols are found naturally in most plants; however, they are found in the greatest abundance in palm oil extracted from palm fruits. Vitamin E anti-oxidant plays a protective role in cellular aging, atheroseclerosis, and cancer.

Vitamin D, on the other hand, is a sterol that is required for the formation of borne.

However, the vegetable oil derived from the

The same fruits as palm oil are very different products due to their lauric and content. Its acid content and similar composition and behavior make it a desirable ingredient in the manufacture of margarines, confectionery, and based goods.

This acid also gives the oil some unique properties that make it desirable for soap production. Because of its softening and plastering properties, it is used as a processing acid in the rubber industry.

Oils and fats can spoil, resulting in the production of unpleasant odors and flavors. This is referred to as rancidity. Because different types of oil and fats have varying levels of resistance to spoilage, most vegetable oils deteriorate slowly, whereas animal fat deteriorates quickly.

as well as marine oil. This is due to the relatively high proportion of combined high unsaturated fatty acids found in animal fat. The two most common types of rancidity are hydrolytic and oxidative.

In general, the palm tree is a highly valuable plant in that none of its components are waste. The palm leaves could be used to feed domestic animals or as improvised roofs for local houses. The stem could be used as an alternative to planting in a traditional roof for a modern building. The fruits and kernels are a good source of vegetable oil.

When crude oils and fats are produced fresh, they contain unwanted impurities.

These unwanted impurities include:

– Fatty acids that are free of charge

– The presence of moisture

– Gums

– Trace elements

– Smelly substances

– Colouring matter

– Resins

– And sometime vitamins. These impurities affect flavour,

odour, and clarity are removed during the return process. The process is carried out in several stages, which can be discussed in turn:

Degummiry is a type of degummiry.

– Odor reduction

Alkali reaction

– The process of bleaching

Following these processes, the oil is pure and, as is usually the case, ready for blending. It is preferable that the oil not come into contact with air after it has been refined, as this causes oxidation and deterioration. The implications of the factors listed above, as well as others, will be highlighted in the course of this work with the goal of pointing out the best overall processing method.

Finally, cholesterol, a steroid lipid, is found in all body tissues’ cell membranes. It is transported

All animals’ bloodstreams are surrounded by this substance.

Cholesterol is divided into two types:

– High levels of good cholesterol

– High levels of bad cholesterol

The majority of cholesterol is not derived from food; rather, it is synthesized within the body. They are found in higher concentrations in tissues that either produce more or have more densely packed membranes, as in the following examples:

– The liver is a vital organ.

– The spine

– In addition, there is atheroma.

They also play an important role in many biochemical processes. It is used by the body in a variety of ways, including:

– During the bile production process

– In the production of acids

– Helps I n the digestion of fat in the body

– It is important to health.

However, too much cholesterol in the body can lead to narrowing and blockage of the arteries especially those that feed the heart and can keep it