The Psychosocial Effect Of Institutionalization Of Orphans And Vulnerable Children In Oyo State

The Psychosocial Effect Of Institutionalization Of Orphans And Vulnerable Children In Oyo State 

ABSTRACT

The study examined the psychosocial effect of the institutionalization of orphans and vulnerable children in Oyo state. The specific objects were to determine the socio- demographic characteristics of the convicts, to determine the cerebral effect of institutionalization of these children, to determine the social effect of institutionalization of these children, to punctuate the advantages and disadvantages of institutionalization with reference to the named institutions and to identify the emotional and behavioral problems associated with institutionalization of orphans and vulnerable children.

The study reviewed two propositions videlicet rational choice proposition of Institutionalization and psychosocial development. The study made use of primary data, through structured questionnaire, to collect data from repliers. Descriptive statistics and Pearson( r) moment correlational analysis were used to dissect the data. The ethical principles of exploration was observed. The population of the study comprised convicts registered in the named governmental andnon-governmental formal institutional care installations as well as their care givers in Oyo State, Nigeria while the sample size is 200 orphans.

The finding revealed that maturity of the children agree to statement relating cerebral and social conditions but no significant relationship was established between psychosocial factors and institutionalization of children.

The study concluded that cerebral variable similar as tone- conception,/ respects, depression, stress, history of physical, emotional and sexual abuse as well as social factors similar as social support, parenthood style, low social profitable status etc contribute immensely to institutionalization of orphans vulnerable children.

The study recommended that Orphans and vulnerable children should be proper provisioned and watched for by the government andnon-governmental agency; Proper cerebral and social intervention should be organized especially for children with history of some cerebral torture; further finances should be allocated for children’s good especially those at the orphanage home; Support should be given to those children at the orphanage home.

CHAPTER ONE

preface

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In the Nigerian Society, the child is largely cherished, not only by parents but also by the family, the community in general and by the state( Okunola 2001). It’s inversely the artistic norm that the care and parenting of the child is participated by all the family and community. still, the family has in the last many decades experienced changes in its conformation and structure and accordingly in functions to such an extent that the traditional security generally handed by the family is fading.

There are children who don’t have the benefits of suitable and stable homes either because of prevalence of abandonment by mama , death of parents, single parenting, death or long absence of one of the parents from home due to hospitalization, imprisonment or affiliated factors and lost children especially in the time of disaster or fortified conflicts. These children are in vulnerable conditions.

Care for children separated from their parents have been shouldered by the extended family before the creation of formal institutional care installations. These children now come burden to the family members. editorialized by Tagurum et al, 2015, one study ranks Nigeria’s orphans and vulnerable children burden advanced than several countries facing war, similar as Sudan, Somalia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Libya, and Syria. One in every 10 homes in the country is also estimated to be furnishing care for an orphan( Marsden and Miller 2011). numerous have believed that placing orphans and vulnerable children in care has answered all of their problems but this study proves the negative.

Orphans and vulnerable children include not only children who are biologically orphans following maternal death, but also children considered vulnerable to shocks that peril their health and well- being, similar as the habitual illness of a parent, or other ménage factors. The conception vulnerability with regard to youthful people indicate the bones who are more exposed to pitfalls than their peers. They can be vulnerable in privation( food, education, and maternal care), exploitation, abuse, neglect, violence, and infection with HIV. The 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey( NDHS) set up that the chance of orphaned children increases fleetly with age, from4.2 percent among children under age five to16.1 percent among children age 15- 17. Data also indicate that civic children are slightly more likely to be orphaned than pastoral children( 7 and 5 percent independently).

Psychosocial health includes four important factors of well- being; a state of internal, emotional, social, and spiritual well- being.

Institutionalization, a process of developing or transubstantiating rules and procedures that impact a set of mortal relations( Hans Keman), though salutary because it removes orphans from thoroughfares and prevents vulnerable children from vituperative parents, exploration has shown that it can noway be compared to being raised by minding parents in a caring home. Children who are deprived of the maternal care and a secure family terrain frequently come vulnerable to a host of cerebral problems and psychiatric diseases( Kaur R, Vinnakota A, Panigrahi S, Manasa R V 2018). An array of exploration findings has established that institutional care for children anyhow of the status of the care installation has far reaching psychosocial and emotional damages on the children( Browne 2009; Dziro and Rufurwokuda 2013). Comparing Nigeria and Zimbabwe, the situation is relatively analogous because exploration has shown that children in domestic care are more psychologically perturbed compared to those in community home grounded care unit.

A child’s early gests determine their unborn cerebral, emotional, social functioning as individualities in their majority life. Sabotage of psychosocial good of children can do due to painful and bad nonage gests . Psychosocial good affects children’s capability, brainpower, productivity and social functionality. Orphans witness anguish, anxiety, depression, lack of support and care. The trauma of losing parents can have adverse psychosocial goods on children like passions of distrust, inferiority, shame, guilt, instability and indecorous conduct

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Nigeria’s Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development estimates that there are17.5 million orphans and vulnerable children nationwide. The children face enormous challenges to their health and development and it’s estimated that 95 percent of orphans and vulnerable children don’t admit any form of medical, emotional, social, material or academy- related backing( National Population Commission, Federal Republic of Nigeria, and ICF International 2013). Institutional care has remained in use indeed after experimenters have set up it to be undesirable and the least option for the continuum of care. It’s also the alternate stylish volition to children in need of care.

These orphans and vulnerable children are generally watched for in institutional homes set up by either the government or private agencies, which give some semblance of order into their lives. Efficiently minding for the materialistic requirements of the children beget individualities to ignore the cerebral requirements of these children. International and public children’s rights groups argue that institutional care negotiations children’s future as well as cheat them of their future. They also report that child care installations pose serious pitfalls to the sickie-social, emotional and in some severe cases, physical well- being of children.

A number of problems may arise in these institutional homes, similar as; the problems of overcrowding, shy particular attention, poor academic terrain, frequent moves may affect the psychosocial health of these children.

Hence, the need to punctuate the psychosocial goods of institutionalization on orphans and vulnerable children in these named institutional care installations.

ideal OF THE STUDY

Broad ideal

The general ideal of this study is to examine the psychosocial goods of institutionalization on orphans and vulnerable children in named orphanages in Oyo State.

Specific ideal the specific objects for the study are

To determine the socio- demographic characteristics of the convicts.
To determine the cerebral effect of institutionalization of these children
To determine the social effect of institutionalization of these children
To punctuate the advantages and disadvantages of institutionalization with reference to the named institutions.
To identify the emotional and behavioral problems associated with institutionalization of orphans and vulnerable children.
exploration QUESTIONS

The following questions were raised

What are the socio- demographic characteristics of the children in the named homes
Does institutionalization affect the children psychologically?
Does institutionalization affect the children socially?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of institutionalization?
What are the behavioral and emotional problems performing from institutionalization.
How equipped are the institutions in the cerebral and emotional requirements in the children?
exploration thesis

The study hypothesizes the following that

1. There’s no significant trend in the socio- demographic characteristics of the children in the named homes.

2. There’s no significant relationship between institutionalization and the cerebral condition of the children.

3. There’s no significant relationship between institutionalization and the social condition of the children.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This study is to find out the goods, of committing orphans and vulnerable children to the care of a technical institution on the psychosocial functioning.

The governmental andnon-governmental associations will profit from this study because it’ll bring to their notice the unattended psychosocial health of children and not just simply the provision of materialistic effects and help them deal with this problem.

The councilors and academy social workers will profit from this study so they will be apprehensive of underpinning issues when working with tardy, dangerous or children who abuse substances.

compass OF STUDY

This study will cover the exploration on the colorful psychosocial goods on orphans and vulnerable children in named formal institutional care installations in Oyo State. 10 Orphanage homes was used in the study to make the exploration robust( Arrow of God Orphanage, Mercy and love Orphanage, Peculiar Saints orphanage, Olive bloom orphanage, Love home orphanage, watchful heart orphanage, Royal diamond orphanage, Citadel of grace charge, Heritage homes orphanage, fortune child orphanage).

functional description OF TERMS

1. Psychosocial A bridging conception for cerebral and social condition

Cerebral relating to the state of mind of the repliers
Social pertaining to the relationship of the repliers with others
2. Institutionalization provision of a formal domestic care for children in need of care, protection and control.

3. Orphanages children’s homes are the institutions established by the government( public) or

Non-governmental agencies( private) to give care, protection, and support to orphans and vulnerable children.

4. Orphans and Vulnerable Children includes not only children who are biologically orphans following maternal death, but also children considered vulnerable to shocks that peril their health and well- being, similar as the habitual illness of a parent, or other ménage factors

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