A Critical Assessment Of The Sociological Study On Solid Waste Management Practices In The Birim North District, Ghana.

A Critical Assessment Of The Sociological Study On Solid Waste Management Practices In The Birim North District, Ghana.

Chapter One

Preface

Background Of The Study

Waste has come a global problem owing to growth in its generation, threat it poses to the terrain, mortal life and cost of its treatment. United Nations Environment Programmes( UNEP, 2009) projected worldwide trash affair in 2006 at2.02 billion tonnes indicating seven percent growth of total global waste created in 2003, 2004, and 2005. presently, an estimated11.2 billion tonnes of solid scrap is collected yearly( UNEP, 2014). This massive growth in trash affair is attributable to modernization of the world frugality( UNEP, 2014). still, also it’s five times the figure the same group handed roughly eight to nine times agone and because experts place trash creation rate above collection rate waste created encyclopedically can be prognosticated above this figure, If this statistic is anything to go by. In terms of geographical distribution, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development( OECD) estimates that industrialized countries produce from 500 to 750 kg of solid trash yearly per person. For case, Denmark and United States of America( USA) produce 520 to 730 kilos of solid trash similarly per person per annum( OECD, 1997 quoted in Taylor & Allen, 2006). Asia produces an estimated 760,000 tonnes of external solid scrap everyday( World Bank, 1999). Sub-Saharan African nations produce roughly 62 million tonnes of trash each time( World Bank, 2012). Comparisons of the below mentioned numbers without expedient to differences in time indeed make Africa the smallest waste creator among the other mainlands and one of the reasons responsible for this miracle could be attributed to the mainland’s( Africa) low resource consumption indeed though numerous of the raw accoutrements are uprooted from the mainland. In Ghana, the five major metropolises similar as; Accra, Kumasi, Takoradi, Tamale and Tema produce about 3,200 tonnes of solid waste per day( Ministry of Original Government and Rural Development, Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate, 2010) and other 105 civic municipalities induce about 5,000 tonnes of waste daily. Accra with estimated population of produces about 2,000 tonnes of solid scrap every day( Annepu & Themelis, 2013).

roughly, 75 percent of this scrap is collected and disposed of in the Achimota dumpsite whereas 25 percent is left uncollected( Annepu & Themelis, 2013). A exploration done by Puopiel( 2010) in Tamale Metropolitan Area( TAMA) set up that diurnal trash affair in the megalopolis amounted to 810 tonnes of which 216 tonnes is collected and 594 tonnes is left uncollected.

Once trash is a function of urbanization, population expansion and profitable conditioning waste generation in Ghana is anticipated to increase since population in metropolises in Ghana is rising and also more and more communities are fleetly getting citified.

Encyclopedically, the expenditure of scrap disposal is having a tremendous risk on public holdalls . For case, original authorities spend about205.4 billion bones annually on trash operation( World Bank, 2012). This quantum is projected to rise to around375.5 billion USD in the coming decade( World Bank, 2012). Asian countries produce around 760,000 tonnes of trash everyday and spend about 25 billion bones yearly to handle it( World Bank, 1999). By the time 2025 the quantum of plutocrat spent on waste operation in Asia will have exceeded 50 billion bones since by that time diurnal scrap affair in the region would have reached over1.8 billion tonnes( World Bank, 1999). Locally, the Accra Metropolitan Assembly( AMA) spent around 82 percent of its 2008 periodic budget on trash operation and in 2013 waste operation bring it about3.45 million bones ( Annepu & Themelis, 2013). Also, in 2009 the Tamale Metropolitan Assembly( TAMA) spent42.8 percent of its total profit on trash operation( Puopiel, 2010).

One would have allowed that with these sweats in waste operation the waste issue would be significantly dropped if not excluded and metropolises in Ghana should have been cleaner for other metropolitan areas and townlets to follow their exemplifications to limit the dangerous effect of trash. still, the reality is that smut has gulfed Ghana, especially poor and densely peopled areas and one of the consequences is the June 2014 cholera outbreak in the country which killed 110 people out of the 12,622 cases recorded( the Ghana Health Service, Disease Surveillance Department, 2014). Once trash operation has proven to be a daunting challenge in the country in malignancy of sweats to contain it, identification of certain traditional waste operation ways may prop in our sweats to break the problem. In numerous traditional Ghanaian societies, especially places without electricity, bedrooms aren’t swept in the night and indeed if they’re swept the waste isn’t disposed of till morning because it’s believed that one may sweep his or her precious or precious particular things in addition to the waste.

Statement Of The Problem

Sight of uncollected scrap overflowing huge holders at central community waste collection spots staying to be transferred to tips or dumpsite is relatively current in impoverished civic areas( Kwame, 2010). Not only do canvases hang around these wastes but also an inviting odor emerges from them causing difficulties to residers and passers- in. Discarding of scrap indiscriminately into storm and sewage rain spouts, open areas and unbridled burning are also wide conditioning in numerous regions of Ghana( Alhassan, Gabby, Arguello & Boakye- Boaten, 2010; Kwame, 2010; Puopiel, 2010; Annepu & Themelis, 2013).

A exploration conducted by Spencer( 2012) at Prampram, aperi-urban region of the Accra Metropolitan Area set up that 61 percent of the people intimately defecate when nature calls and 50 percent weren’t satisfied about the aseptic status of their homes. important of the literature examined refers to these data and it seems conclusions of utmost environmental studies in Ghana write about the veritably same data( Wienaah, 2007; Fredua, 2014; Yintii, Anim- Gyampo & Braimah, 2014) residers ’ incapability to pay for stoner freights of door to door scrap collection services, unacceptable services handed by the realities responsible for trash operation and inadequate backing and detention in payment by the assemblies to private trash contractors are some of the causes responsible for magpie rubbish burning and jilting in colorful regions of civic Ghana( Puopiel, 2010; Annepu & Themelis, 2013). One of the issues that has worsened the situation is the distance central common holders and some places. Alhassan et al( 2010) assessed the distance between certain places and central holders in the Accra Metropolis at 450- 500 measures. still, the loftiest restriction specified by AMA is 150 measures( Alhassan et al, 2010).( Alhassan et al, 2010). therefore it’s a normal habit for some homes to go great distances before reaching a near core vessel.

Ideal Of The Study

The main ideal of this study is to explore factors performing in poor domestic solid waste operation practices in the Birim North District and suggest ways to resolve them. therefore, the following objects;

1. To probe the waste operation practices of Birim North District.

2. To assess residers ’ involvement in the Assembly’s waste operation expression and perpetration programs.

3. To explore goods of magpie waste jilting and burning practices on social relations in the study area.

Exploration Questions

The following questions guide this study;

1. What are the waste operation practices of Birim North District?

2. What’s the position of residers ’ involvement in the Assembly’s waste operation expression and perpetration programs?

3. What are the goods of magpie waste jilting and burning practices on social relations in the study area?

Significance Of The Study

The immigration into Birim North District, particularly the mining sector, has redounded in population growth since foreign pots began gold prospecting in the area in 1997, as have the operations of original small- scale miners( especially in the mining communities). In terms of structure development and aborigines’ life, the mining townlets in the District are fleetly getting citified. Original major banks, similar as Ecobank and Barclays Bank, as well as some pastoral banks, have erected branches in Akim Afosu and New Abirem In the region, there are hospices of different types( some with features similar as a helipad, golf course, and swimming pool). Pubs, supermarkets and beaneries have also mushroomed.

likewise, the study will add to current information in the field of trash operation, which will profit other waste experimenters and policymakers trying to cleanse our communities of smut.

Compass Of The Study

This study will only cover the factors performing in poor domestic solid waste operation practices in the Birim North District. Only the Birim North quarter will be studied, all other sections aren’t included.

Limitation Of The Study

During the course of this study, the experimenter was faced with inadequate finances and not enough time to claw deeper into this exploration.

Description Of Terms

1. Waste A material or substance regarded is being no longer useful after the completion of a process.

2. Waste Operation The conduct and dealings necessary to handle waste from its origin to its final jilting. In this study, it involves managing waste and icing its proper disposal from product to consumption.

3. Solid Waste operation Solid- waste operation, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that’s discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful