A Survey Of The Antibacterial Activity Of Thymus Vulgaris And Myristica Fragrans On Streptococuss Pneumoniae And Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Abstract
The waterless and ethanolic excerpts of the leaves of Thymus vulgaris( thyme) and the seeds of Myristica fragrans( nutmeg) were screened for their antibacterial exertion and phytochemical ingredients. The standard styles used to descry the phytochemicals present in the excerpts revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids and phytosterols in all the excerpts while steroids and amino acids were absent. The antibacterial evaluation of the spice excerpts using agar plate- well prolixity and nutrient broth dilution ways showed thatthere was no significant difference in the exertion of the spice excerpts( p>0.05) against the test organisms( Streptococcus pneumoniaeand Pseudomonas aeruginosa, clinical bacterial isolates). Ampiclox and chloramphenicol were used as control for the test organisms to give approximate base for the comparison of the exertion of the excerpts. The MIC and MBC was the same for all the excerpts againstS. pneumoniae,6.25 mg/ ml while 25 mg/ ml for thyme excerpts, and 50 mg/ ml for nutmeg excerpts againstP. aeruginosa, showing the excerpts to be bactericidal.
Chapter One
Preface
The spread of medicine- resistant pathogens is one of the most serious pitfalls to public health in the 21stcentury.Although pharmacological diligence have produced a number of new antibiotics in the last three decades, resistance to these medicines by microorganisms still remains. In general, bacteria have the inheritable capability to transmit and acquire resistance to medicines, which are employed as remedial agents( Cohen, 1992). Such a fact is a cause for concern, because of the number of cases in hospitals who have suppressed impunity, and due to new bacterial strains that aremulti-drug resistant. Accordingly, new infections can do in hospitals performing in high mortality as observed by Montelli and Levy( 1991).
The use of sauces as first drugs is a universal miracle. For a long period of time, shops have been a precious source of natural products for maintaining mortal health, especially in the last decade, with further ferocious studies for natural curatives. utmost medicines of the history were substances with a particular remedial action uprooted from shops. therefore, medicinal shops may be defined as any factory that can be put to culinary use similar as onions, fox glove, garlic and gusto( Wainright, 2001). further and further experimenters find that food and their individual ingredients perform analogous fashion to ultramodern medicines and occasionally better without the dreaded side goods( Serrentino, 1991).
Factory excerpts have great eventuality as antimicrobial composites against microorganisms( Gisleneetal., 2000) and studies have reported that they can be used in the treatment of contagious conditions caused by resistantmicrobes.Thymus vulgaris( thyme) leaves andMyristicafragrans( nutmeg) seeds are shops corridor that are extensively used as spices for cooking especially for flavouring flesh, mists and stews. They’ve also been reported to have medicinal uses and retain antimicrobial capacities( Stahl- BiskupandSaez, 2002; Cho etal., 2006; Narasimhan and Dhake, 2007).
Excerpts of these spices were believed to have chemical factors which are active against pathogenic microorganism. further people have continued to use these spices for a variety of culinary purposes in the absence of acceptable toxin data and proper understanding of their medicinal parcels. Folk drug interpreters believe that these sauces arenon-toxic indeed though there’s no scientific backing to support this claim. This study intends to probe and give acceptable on the antibacterial parcels and chemical ingredients of thyme and nutmeg to determine whether they’re salutary or else.
Significance Of Study
numerous antibiotics presently in use are moreover too precious or retain undesirable side goods while some are no more effective due to bacterial resistance( Alper, 1998). Despite the remarkable progress in synthetic organic chemistry of the twentieth century, over 25 of prescribed drugs in industrialized countries are deduced directly or laterally from shops( Newman etal., 2000). mortal complaint operation in Nigerian history also provides substantiation of the relationship of shops and drug( Ayandele and Adebiyi, 2007).
Thyme and nutmeg are spices extensively employed in cuisine in Nigeria. inquiries have shown that both retain antibacterial capabilities but with the manner in which they’re vended in request places, especially as thyme is reused and both spices are being exposed to protract ages of sun, it’s important to ascertain their efficacity. In the interest of public health, what’s ingested is of great concern, the quantum taken in is just as pivotal and that they can help strengthen the vulnerable system to repel deadly infections is a massive advantage.
Aim And Objects
The end of this study is to estimate the antibacterial conditioning of spices( thyme and nutmeg) especially as they serve culinary purposes. The objects of this study are to;
Determine the effect of the spice excerpts against test organisms( Streptococcus pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
ii. Compare the action of the waterless and the ethanolic excerpts of the spices.
iii. Determine whether the spice excerpts are bactericidal or bacteriostatic.
Compass And Limitation Of Study
This study was limited to the antibacterial effect of Thymus vulgaris leaves andMyristica fragrans seeds as well as the phytochemical webbing of these spices was also conducted. The determination of the chemical ingredients was qualitative for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, glycosides, triterpenoids, phytosterols, and amino acids. Their antibacterial exertion was limited to the testing of the ethanolic and waterless excerpts of the thyme leaves and nutmeg seeds against Streptococcus pneumonia andPseudomonas aeruginosa.
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