Culture Identification Of Microbial Communities Associated With Abandoned Ceramic Wastes Dump Sites

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of The Study

Ceramic materials are inorganic non-metallic materials with high melting point, good oxidation resistance, high hardness and good wear resistance. The plasticity of ceramic materials is very strong, and all kinds of complicated shapes can be shaped, especially the shaping of characters, including the shape of the characters and the expressions of the characters. Ceramic wastes come from the ceramic industry in which the waste of wall and floor tiles, sanitary ware, bricks and roof tiles are included. Ceramic wastes is considered as a non-hazardous solid wastes and possess pozzzolanic properties. Ceramic wastes can be used as a filler material in flexible pavement (Bhavin and Bhat, 2016).

The application of ceramic materials in modern landscape design is based on the characteristics of ceramics. For the production of ceramic works, the application of molds will be completed, which will make the long work of ceramic works easier and the cost will be reduced. Ceramic materials can also be used to imitate other materials, such as wood, metal, etc., which can be reproduced in a vivid way, which is not available in many other materials. For a long time, metal materials are often used in modern landscape design. However, long-term retention in the air and the design of the water environment in the landscape will cause the metal to be corroded, not only destroying the landscape, but also the cost of user maintenance. High, in modern landscape design, color is indispensable. Coloring on ceramics does not easily fall off and does not cause fading. The traditional ceramic materials industry is known for its wide variety of large scale products (which includes blocks, tiles, concrete, and soil) and for the consequent significant impact, in economy and jobs worldwide (Vieira et al., 2018).

The color of the ceramic material itself is also very rich, so the color requirements for the urban landscape design can be fully satisfied. The reason why ceramic chips are called waste materials mainly refers to the damage or incompleteness of the original physical parts of ceramic components, and the loss of the original use functions, such as the storage and decoration functions of ceramic pots, and the paving function of ceramic floor tiles. However, from the perspective of aesthetics and art, it still has the smooth and beautiful texture of ceramics and the colorful beauty, and the damaged pieces have natural shapes and vivid lines, like ice cubes in spring melting generally beautiful. The external color beauty and form beauty of waste ceramics prove its artistic value, which can of course be applied to landscape design as a new decorative medium. Ceramic shards are widely used in landscape environments. They not only create unique decorative forms and artistic styles, but also provide new ideas for enriching and exploring environmental decorative art language. More importantly, they solve the problem of difficult handling of ceramic fragments. The waste that cannot be effectively processed at present is resourced and reflects the requirements of environmental protection. Moreover, the reuse of ceramic chips has broadened the function of ceramic decoration and beautifying the environment. It has pointed out the direction for people to advocate the old and the waste, and protect the ecological environment, which is conducive to the sustainable development of human society.

However, there is a great environmental liability caused in its different stages of production, and the search for constant improvement of these processes has been encouraging many researches. These adverse effects to environment start from the raw materials extraction, which is a high energy consumption process, typically generating large amount of solid wastes able to be used in other derived processes (Ciacco et al.,2017). The problem of solid waste is one of the great modern challenges, since in order to comply with the environmental legislations, industries end up discarding their waste in landfills, which despite being legally acceptable, it is far from being a good solution. The landfills can generate at large high economic and environmental costs (such as scarcity of disposal area and raw materials, and potential leaching of hazardous liquids in waters).

Microbial characteristics of soils are being evaluated increasingly as sensitive indicators of soil health because of the clear relationships between microbial diversity, soil and plant quality, and ecosystem sustainability Microorganisms have been invaluable in finding solutions for several problems mankind has encountered in maintaining the quality of the environment. They have, for example, been used to positive effect in human and animal health, genetic engineering, environmental protection, and municipal and industrial waste treatment.

Thus, many industries have been concerned with the issues of solid waste generated by them, investing in research and methodologies that enable the reinsertion of these materials in another production chain (Malinauskaite et al., 2017).

The main chemical elements of ceramics are Silicon dioxide (S_iO₂) and Aluminium Oxide (Al₂O₃). Besides, Oxides of Iron (Fe₂O₃), Calcium (CaO), Potassium (K₂O), Sodium oxide (Na₂O) and Zirconium (ZrO₂) are also found (Asiwaju-Bello et al., 2017).

1.2     Statement of Problem

The life activity of ceramic waste utilizing microorganisms occurring in soil samples has significant influence on its chemical composition and as a result often changes its biological contents. These changes often cause damages to the soil nature due to the ceramic wastes dumps content in the soil thereby attracting microorganism which utilize them in their elastic form. Microorganisms in turn pose risks, multiply and become uncontrollable in these contaminated areas.

1.3     Justification of the Study

Soil samples contaminated with ceramic waste examining from the dump in Itu Local Government Area will possibly harbor bacteria of possible biodegradation importance. It is however, evident from the outcome of this study that ceramic wastes dump utilizing and/or degrading microorganism readily be isolated from ceramic wastes soil samples and possibly used for bioremediation of ceramic waste polluted soil.

1.4     Aim of the Study

This work will focus on culture Identification of microbial communities associated with abandoned ceramic wastes dump sites.

1.5     Specific Objectives

• To isolate, identify and characterize different microbial isolates found in abandoned ceramic waste dump.
• To identify the different microbial culture found in the sample analyzed.
• To access the physicochemical properties of the ceramic wastes.

To characterize the isolates base on their culture identification