DESIGN AND CONSTRUCT AN AUTOMATIC CHANGE-OVER SWITCH WITH INDICATOR THAT WILL SWITCH LOAD FROM THE MAINS POWER SUPPLY (PHCN) POWER SUPPLY (GENERATOR) WITH SIMPLICITY.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCT AN AUTOMATIC CHANGE-OVER SWITCH WITH INDICATOR THAT WILL SWITCH LOAD FROM THE MAINS POWER SUPPLY (PHCN) POWER SUPPLY (GENERATOR) WITH SIMPLICITY.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Industrial automation and control have made significant contributions to the world’s rapid technological advancement. Power control and automation are aspects of this field that are used almost anywhere electrical power is used, generated, or transmitted. Manual power change-over switches have existed in various forms and shapes. The introduction of microelectronics in 1959 paved the way for the modification of manually operated change-over switches. This project is about designing and building an automatic change-over switch with an indicator. It saves time and energy spent on manually changing over and starting the generator. It is completely automated. It can be used in homes, offices, and, most importantly, factories that require a continuous power supply. It has a lot of There are numerous advantages over existing ones/types.

1.1.  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This project work is being undertaken in order to eliminate nearly all shortcomings associated with the manually operated type in order to ensure that it is fully automated.

This system is realized as a series of functional blocks that are all combined to form a single functional system. The first block is a 3-phase MAINS regulated dc power supply unit that both powers and serves as the input to the overall circuit. The thin block output is routed to a priority encoder (74147), which selects the most prioritized phase at a time. The third component is a BCD-to-DECIMAL Decoder (7442) that is used to decode the prioritized phase.

The fourth stage is the driver stage, which is made up of an NPN transistor that powers the electromagnetic relay, which switches the phase in priority. The section on gen set switching is accomplished by utilizing the phase with the lowest priority. When all of the NEPA phases are low, OFF, or faulty, this section turns on the generator. When the Gen set phase is selected, a switching transistor fires an SCR, which conducts a large battering current to the Gen set’s ignition coil. Panel indicators are used to display the system’s status.

1.2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

This project’s goals and objectives are as follows:

1. Create an automatic change-over switch with an indicator that will easily switch load from the mains power supply (PHCN) power supply (Generator).

2. To include circuitry that detects power outages as well as fluctuations in the power supplied to the load at any point in time.

1.3.  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This project eliminates the stress, time delay, and other disadvantages associated with manually operated types. The project is modified to show the phase in use at any given time by utilizing a single seven segment display and its associated circuitry.

1.4.  SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This project work was done primarily to solve the problem of manual change-over switch when switching to generator due to power failure from public power supply.

The goal of this project is to design and build a 90A, 220V, 50Hz automatic change-over switch that will serve as a standby switch to the generator in the event of a power outage.

1.5.     LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

Because of the device’s primary operation, it cannot switch two voltage supplies at the same time. So the power switching of the supplies is determined by the state of the device, which can only be on or off in order to avoid voltage clashing, which could result in a fire outbreak.