DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC THREE PHASE SELECTOR SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
An automatic three-phase selector switch replaces a three-phase manual changeover cut fuse from one cut out to another. Automation 3 phase selector switch has three phases from PHCN as input but only one output that supplies current to the load. The device monitors the voltage supply of each phase (Red, Yellow, and Blue) and when there is a power failure in one phase, it will automatically switch to another where there is a voltage supply. It also monitors the amount of voltage in each phase and selects the voltage that is higher than the others and gives it out as a single-phase power supply. Automatic three-phase selector switches help to reduce the stress of operating a changeover switch from one phase to another. manually from one phase to another, as well as the risk of being electrocuted.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Initially, a three-phase voltage selector system was created manually, with a time-consuming and inconvenient operation process. The appeal of an automatic 3-phase voltage selector system stems from the fact that technological advancement has enabled us to reduce costs, hard labor, and wasted time while also improving the reliability of our electrical and electronic systems. As a result, using an electromechanical switching system based on the solenoid principle, a system has been designed in which electromechanical devices such as a relay and contactor are arranged to automatically switch from one phase to another without human intervention. Because switching is done automatically and without time delay, this design is highly efficient and precise in its performance. The 3-phase automatic voltage selector system employs dependable electrical/electronic components.
Relay transformers, contactors, diode capacitors, resistors, and other switching components are examples of switching components.
This device operates in such a way that when any of the lines fails, resulting in no output voltage, it automatically switches to another phase with no time delay. This project is suitable for use in residences, factories, corporate offices, and commercial business centers. This system also sends the most power to the load.
1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The following is the research’s objective and goal:
I. To automatically select a voltage that is present in the power line.
II. To avoid stress and inconvenience in the selection of phase voltage.
III. To construct a system capable of selecting any voltage that appears to be of high potential among other voltages.
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research is significant in several ways.
(a) To the individual: It helps to avoid the stress of working and phase selection if any of the available phases fails.
(b) To Student I it helps to lay the groundwork for future research on the automatic 3-phase voltage selector system.
ii It also assists the student in conducting research on a related topic.
(c) To Society: It also demonstrates technological progress in power system voltage control.
1.3 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study selects an AC phase voltage supply from PHCN automatically. This does not entail switching from the power main to the generator switch. It also aids in determining the maximum voltage required. This study is specifically designed for AC voltage.
1.4 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The following obstacles were encountered during this research project:
Financial Difficulties
Material/component costs are exorbitant.
Misunderstanding in a research group
Physical adversity
Error in calculation
The difficulties encountered during this research project are as follows:
Financial disasters
High material/component cost
Misunderstandings in research groups
Physics tension
Miscalculation
Financial Crises: Financial crises will also contribute to the problem encountered on this research work, as money will not be available to purchase all of the components and materials required to construct this project due to human desire.
High material/component cost: Based on high material/component cost.
It can also be a reason for a student not to start this project; instead, it will look for one where the material is scarce.
Misconceptions in research groups: In any group of people or organization, there are
The following obstacles were encountered during this research project:
Financial Difficulties
Material/component costs are exorbitant.
Misunderstanding in a research group
Physical adversity
Error in calculation
The difficulties encountered during this research project are as follows:
Financial disasters
High material/component cost
Misunderstandings in research groups
Physics must be a point of contention between them. This is another issue that could stymie this research project.
Physical stress: Due to time, opportunity, and physical fitness, not everyone has the opportunity or physical stress to embark on this project.
Miscalculation: A mathematical error can cause a problem in a group based on a financial issue.
1.5 ORGANISATION OF THE STUDY
This research is well organized in a step-by-step process for easy reference and information search. This report is divided into six chapters, each of which has a maximum of five sections. All diagrams, calculations, and sketches are referred to as figures, and they are tagged according to the section they are in:
Background of the study, Objective/aim of the study, Significance of the study, Scope of the study are all included in Chapter One (1). Study’s limitations, The study’s organization. While Chapter two (2) includes the following: literature review, theoretical framework, any other available information related to the project’s topic, pictorial, charts, data, and so on. Design methodology (design analysis, investigation, and data concept), Specification, Block diagram, and
Circuit design, circuit diagram, and construction, testing, and packaging are all covered in Chapter four (4). The actual process, materials, and method of construction are all thoroughly explained. Testing instruments, equipment, and techniques Packaging and assembly (prototype) Chapter Five (5) also includes:
Beme, (Bill of Engineering measurement and Evaluation) (Bill of Engineering measurement and Evaluation), This should be in tabular form, with price lists, quantities, rates per and total cost, and Chapter six (6), which includes a summary, conclusion, and recommendations, as well as appendices.
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