DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 1.5 KVA INVERTER

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 1.5 KVA INVERTER

ABSTRACT

This project examines the conformability of an uninterrupted power supply using an inverter. A system that converts direct current to alternating current is known as an inverter. However, inverters are classified into different categories based on their power rating, such as 1KVA, 1.5KVA, 1.5KVA, 5KVA, and so on. Furthermore, since the invention of the inverter, some issues associated with alternative power supply have been greatly reduced. Meanwhile, issues such as noise, fume production, oil and fuel procurement costs, and plant maintenance are no longer an issue.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Because of the erratic power supply, the quest to convert D.C. power to A.C. power to run some essential appliances arises. Although, from the nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries, rotary converters or motor generator sets were used to convert DC to AC power (M-G set). Vacuum tubes and gas-filled tubes were first used as switches in inverter circuits in the early twentieth century. Early A.C. to D.C. converters, on the other hand, used an induction or synchronous a.c. motor directly connected to a generator (dynomo) so that the generator’s commutator reversed its connections at precisely the right moments to produce D.C.

Given the aforementioned reasons, many electrical equipments for the study have either developed a problem or have completely stopped working. As a

As a result, many businesses have been crippled, affecting Nigeria’s economy as a whole.

Again, the occurrence of power disturbances is increasing, resulting in high voltage spikes and momentary voltage drops, which frequently affect the performance of sensitive electrical electronics equipment.

It is impossible to have an endless supply of electricity.

emphasized in Nigeria today, this has become the norm, and many Nigerians now accept power outages as the norm in the power sector. Natural disasters, vandalism, maintainability, sustainability, inadequacy and lack of vision by political leaders to invest adequately in the power sector, as well as the absence of a replacement policy resulting in the complete abandonment of electrical equipment or projects, are all factors to blame for this dreadful situation.

Inadequate capacity and remuneration system to motivate human resources to perform well on their course.

The progress made in developing alternative energy sources several decades ago has demonstrated that independent power systems are not only possible, but also practical. A wide range of generating equipment is now available to enable individuals to take advantage of their preferred renewable energy resources. For a variety of reasons, most of these systems produce only direct current (DC) at low voltages. However, because of its advantages over direct current, alternating current is widely recognized as the most powerful and useful form of current generated by the power grid. As a result, the majority of appliances and equipment are designed to operate on alternating current.

source.

As a result, converting direct current (DC) to alternating current (A.C.) with a constant frequency becomes necessary. This is referred to as inverting.

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The goal of this project is to design and build a circuit that will take a 24V dc battery input and produce a 200VA (AC) output at 200V – 220V, 50Hz with under voltage and over voltage protection. The study’s goals are as follows:

I Create an electrical system that converts alternating current to direct current in order to power various appliances in laboratories, theaters, and rural areas, among other places.

ii) To have a source of generating electricity that has no negative environmental impact (i.e. no greenhouse effect).

iii) To introduce HND students to basic electrical design, analysis, and circuit construction.

iv) To provide a weightless and noiseless source of energy generation.

v) The research will also be used to impacting practical knowledge and skills to students, lecturers and other who may wish to acquaint themselves with the principles of operation of an inverter system.

1.3 THE SCOPE OF STUDY

The goal of this research is to design and build an inverter system with a 1.5KVA output power rating, a maximum output current rating of 9.09A, and an output voltage of 200V a.c. at 50Hz from a 24V dc input. Inverters are widely used in a variety of applications, including computer, microwave, and electrical power tools.

The purpose of this project is to demonstrate how a low voltage d.c power supply can be used to power an inverter circuit. It also demonstrates how the low a.c. voltage obtained from the oscillator output is amplified and stepped up to the required output voltage.

1.4 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Despite the inverter’s construction and its noiseless and pollution-free nature in comparison to other alternative sources of generating electricity, there is a need for charging and recharging the battery on a regular basis.

The circuit’s inability to produce a pure sine wave output leaves room for improvement. This is due to the high cost of designing a pure wave inverter circuit.

Again, a lack of financial support prevented the project from achieving its accuracy and reliability, as well as its appearance (packaging)

1.5 DEFINITION OF IMPORTANT TERMS

Because the inverter system is an electrical/electronics system, current will flow through the various components, voltage will be dropped at some points, and thus the following principles were used in project design.

1.5.1 The Law of Joules

Joule has two laws, which are as follows:

The relationship between heat produced by an electric current flowing through a conductor is demonstrated by Joule’s first law. That is, if the temperature remains constant, the rate of heat generation (p) in a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the square of the current (I) flowing through the conductor.

Q α I2 ____ (1) (1)

Q = I2R ____ (2) (2)

Q = I2Rt _____ (3)

Where Q is the amount of heat in joule, I is the electric current flowing through a conductor in ampere, R is the amount of electric

The resistance in the conductor is measured in ohms, and the time it takes to occur is measured in seconds.

Joule’s second law states that the internal energy of a gas does not change with volume or pressure but does change with temperature.

1.5.2 Ampere’s Law: This law connects the integrated magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current flowing through it. Thus, the sum of the length element times the magnetic field in the direction of the length element equals the permeability times the electric current enclosed in the loop for any closed loop path.

1.5.3 Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction: It states that whenever the magnetic flux in a circuit changes, an emf is always induced.

The magnitude of the induced emf is equal to the rate of change of the flux linkage.

generated e.m.f =

1.5.4 The Lenz Law

According to Faraday’s law, when an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux, the polarity of the induced emf produces a current whose magnetic field opposes the change that produces it.