Design And Implementation Of A Gis Based Traffic Management System And Emergency Response System

Design And Implementation Of A Gis Based Traffic Management System And Emergency Response System

Chapter One

Preface

Background of Study

The state of the business system is told by trip demand and business force characteristics. trip demand is defined by Roess etal.( 1998) as the number of vehicles or people that ask to travel past a point during a specified period. The main business force specific that influences business system performance is capacity. Capacity is defined as the maximum number of vehicles or persons that can nicely be anticipated to be served in the given time period( Roess etal., 1998). Also business operation measures impact business system performance. Business operation in some cases enables a more effective use of the available capacity( direct influence). also, in some cases capacity is increased or dropped or certain passages are stimulated or discouraged, for illustration by means of road pricing( circular influence). Business traffic is a miracle that’s associated with civic terrain each over the World( Atubi and Onokala, 2005d; Ogunbodede, 2007). This is because we need transport to move from one place to another, especially when touring becomes hamstrung. While business traffic has been managed veritably well in some advanced countries, it has continued to defy result in the developing world.

The cast of global business volume( GTV) shows that time marvels would double between 1990 and time 2020 and again by 2050. This type of growth pattern, as imaged by the end of time 2020 and 2050, is an suggestion of what the future traffic portends for the people living in civic terrain( Engwitch, 1992). Business traffic is a condition on road networks that occurs as the use increases, and it’s characterized by slower pets, longer trip times, increased vehicular queuing, the most common illustration is the physical use of roads by vehicles( Atubi and Onokala, 2004a). numerous civic centers in Nigeria suffer from shy installations that could insure smooth civic movement. This is because the rapid-fire growth of metropolises anywhere in the world has impact not only for the land use also for the spatial expansion. The increase in exchanging distance has impact on trip magnet, fares paid by commuters and business figure- up in some land use areas( Lamata, 2008; Shopade, 2010). The position of urbanization in the developing world indicates that further people now live in metropolises than ahead. metropolises with one million people and over, according to the United Nations cast increased to over 300 by the time 2000 in the developing world. This trend will continue because of the rapid-fire growth in population, performing from enhancement in health services and the multificarious functions performed by metropolises which have been another major seductive force especially in Warri megalopolis. The situation as described over has its impact on business traffic in the metropolises of developing world. therefore, the conditioning which take place in them, make them creators and attractors of business, which of course has counteraccusations on mobility( Ogunsanya, 2002). Warri megalopolis have been noted to be veritably busy with motorcars, especially during the peak ages. During similar peak ages, business noise comes from vehicle machines, exhaust systems and cornucopias. Busy civic roads induce between 70- 85 rattle of noise, depending on the characteristics of the business, speed and type of road face. The forbearance position of noise is put at 66- 68 rattle; meaning that with 70- 85 rattle, a significant number of people are bothered and the negative effect of noise on health could be more imagined( Ameyan, 1996; Atubi, 2006c).

According to Odeleye( 2001) the imminence of road business traffic across the globe seems to defy immediate result and like a dreadful monster it gapes gallantly and ridiculously at erudite civic itineraries and directors in artificial and developing countries of the world. metropolises and their transport systems are completely reciprocal. As defined by Rodrigueet al( 2006), metropolises are locales with a high position of accumulation and attention of profitable conditioning, which form complex spatial structures that are supported by transport systems. The transportation systems according to Berry and Horton( 1970) are the modes and highways of civic areas linking together social and functional zones. Civic productivity is largely dependent on the effectiveness of its transport systems to move people and goods between multiple origins and destinations. therefore, the most important transport problems are frequently related to civic areas when transport systems, for a variety of reasons, can not satisfy the multitudinous conditions of civic mobility( Rodrigueet al, 2006). exigency can be defined as a unforeseen serious dangerous event, situation or circumstance that happens suddenly and requires an immediate response or action to deal with it. exigency can be caused by natural events(e.g. hurricanes and tornados), accidents(e.g. motor, fire or dangerous material tumbles), or purposeful attack(e.g. terrorist bombings or fortified thievery attack). An exigency situation requires a quick and focused response as mortal life and property may be involved. Emergency Management has to give important planning and control tools in order to support deliverance operations. This requires real- time business precedence control grounded on dependable line operation, route planning and shadowing of exigency vehicles. unequivocal and time- optimal route guidance is essential for this operation. Emergency locating and calling systems using automatic vehicle identification and generally available mobile dispatches are to be given particular emphasis. The provision of exigency services is an important responsibility of colorful situations of government and a large number of departments( similar as Federal Road Safety Commission( FRSC), Fire and deliverance, ambulance and policy, storm and aseptic seamster department etc) in Nigeria. A significant operation for the running of exigency incidents is the routing of responding vehicles to incident spots and also to the closest applicable installations similar as hospitals, ambulance station and fire stations. Developing exigency operation system using Civilians requires up- to- date digital road database. This type of road database provides direction, access to thoroughfares, and direct relation between thoroughfares and point locales, similar as accident position, hospitals, fire stations, ambulance stations etc. Civilians technology can support exigency askers to give effective response in quick response time through working the routing problems. The whole idea is to draw together the rudiments of intertwined civic business operation in a coherent way so that common strategic understandings and technologies could be developed. This has enabled effective and effective progress to be made towards European-wide system executions to help break current and developing civic business problems. This design will look at the conception of how to use Civilians functionality to produce digital spatial database for road network in responding to business traffic and exigency services in Warri and its environ. A network is any system of connected direct features similar as roads, railroads, gutters, water/ gas channels and telephone/ electric lines. Network analysis will help druggies to take decision on the following which form the focus of this study.

-Effective trip routes

-Quickest way to get nearly

-Quickest way to visit several locales

– Which installation is closest

– Which sanitarium/ Police station should respond to exigency situation

Statement of Problem

One of the most significant civic transport problems is business traffic. It’s endured when the force of the civic transport networks can no longer meet the demand for them. moment nearly all metropolises in both developed and developing countries suffer from business traffic. It manifests itself generally in intermittent ranges, detainments and time destruction which commuters witness along major networks especially during rush hours. Due to ceaseless increase in population, increase in ménage inflows and its attendant increase in the position of auto operation coupled with poor land- use planning, poor transport design and planning, business traffic has come an intractable problem in civic centres in Nigeria. Lack of comprehensive exigency operation plan in Nigerian metropolises is the major cause of death and loss of parcels in numerous cases when disaster occurs. numerous lives have been lost in the process of exigency deliverance due to lack of digital road network and lack of the knowledge of stylish or indispensable routes to the disaster point as well as the exigency unit. Business traffic is a major curse on civic movements. It’s a pest that has come an integral part of normal life in nearly all civic areas in the world. further seriously, business traffic causes unpredictability in trip times, thereby making commuters in Warri to plan for these problems by leaving home beforehand just to avoid being late. The problem of business traffic in civic areas is worse at road corners. Indeed, there’s no other point on metropolises roads that can be greatly congested as road corners. As defined by O’Flaherty( 1997), corners( where two or further roads meet), are points of vehicle conflict. also, Mchsaneet al( 1998) noted that at no other position within the road and trace systems are so numerous implicit and factual conflicts than at road corners. This is because at corners, vehicular overflows from several different approaches making either left- turn, through and right- turn movements seek to enthrall the same physical space at the same time. In addition to these vehicular overflows, climbers also seek to use this space to cross the road and thereby worsening the formerly bad business situation. Someof the problems facing road business system in Warri is the

1. precipitousness of machine motorists to complete as numerous passages as they can in a day;

2. The road trading habit along the major road similar as Warri- Sapele road, Jakpa road;

. Poor business control and operation,

. Indiscriminate parking of active and inactive vehicles along major roads. In all countries in Nigeria including Warri, the rate of growth of vehicle power far outstrips the rate of growth of road business officers vehicle inspectors.

There’s need to involve a system whereby people can find the stylish or indispensable road to get to the hostel, request, for rest and also police station and sanitarium in an exigency situation. In order to make better informed opinions during an exigency, there’s need to emplace Civilians technologies in the operation of business in Warri.

Aim of the Study

The end of the design is to develop a Civilians grounded Traffic operation system and exigency Response operation system for the enhancement of transportation and exigency recovery through working the routing problems and availability to closest installations.

Objects Of The Study

The objects of the study are

1. Database Design for the study area( Warri)

2. Acquisition of Geometric and Attribute data of the study area.

3. Database creation and linking trait tables to geometric data.

4. Design a digital road network chart.

5. relating business traffic prone areas in the study area.

6. Determination of the closest installations in times of exigency.

7. Determination of indispensable route in times of exigency.

Significance of Study

The purpose and significance of the study is to develop a business operation system and an exigency operation system to detect the nearest exigency pollee, similar as an ambulance, sanitarium, police station during an exigency, to suggest shortest route from exigency spot to the recovery point, availability to closest installation similar as sanitarium and police station using network analysis and by mapping and monitoring of road accidents for Warri using Civilians operation.

Compass of Study

The study involves designing and creating relational database for geometric and attributes dataset of the study area, geo- referencing and digitizing the Ikonos satellite imagery of the area, generating digital road network chart, manipulating and assaying the dataset as well as presenting the results in tables and chart format.

Study Area

Position

Warri is a major oil painting megacity in Delta State, Nigeria, the megacity is located on roughly latitude 5 ° 31’N and 5 ° 45′ and longitude 5 ° 45′ E and 5 ° 50′, with a population of over 300,000 people according to the public population numbers for 2006. The people of Warri are substantially the Urhobos, Isokos, Itsekiris, and Ijaws, but other ethnical groups also live within the megacity. Warri is generally Christian, as is utmost of Southern Nigeria.