Detail Survey Of Part Of Comprehensive Secondary School Mbak Etoi, Uyo Local Government Area Akwa Ibom State
Chapter One
Introduction
Background Of The Study
Detailing as to do with representing all the features (either natural or artificial) within or around the boundaries and this can be performed either on ground using ground surveying method or through photogrammetry yielding/producing an aerial photographs and satellite images.
On the ground framework is dissected into even smaller areas as the surveyor moves from one point to another fixing further point of the features from each position by combination of angle and distance measurement and finally sketching the feature between items in any form.
In complicated terrain this operation can be slow an inaccurate as can be seen by comparing maps made on the ground with those made subsequently from aerial photographs.
Ground survey still has to be used, however. For some purpose. Example in areas where aerial photographs’ are hard to get under the canopy of a forest where the shape of the ground, not that of the tree tops is required. In very large scale work or close contouring, or if the feature to be mapped are not easily identifiable on the aerial photographs, as is the case with property boundaries or zones of transition between different types of soil or vegetation.
One of two fundamental differences between ground and air survey is that is already mentioned, the ground survey interpolation, or sketches, between fixed points, while air survey using semiautomatic instruments can trace the feature continuously once the positions of the photographs are known. One effect of this is to show features in uniform detail rather than along short stretches between the points fixed in a ground survey.
The second difference is that in ground survey different techniques and accuracy may be adopted for the horizontal and vertical measurements, the matter usually being more precise. Accurate determination of heights is required for engineering and planning maps for example, railway gradients or particularly for drainage networks since water in open channels does not run uphill.
The methods used for fixing locations within the horizontal detail framework are similar to but less accurate than those used for the primary framework. Angle may be measured with a hand held prismatic compass or graphically with a plane table or they made be estimated as right angle in the case of point that are offset by short distance from straight lines between point already fixed. Detail points may be located by their distances and bearing from only one.
Detail survey is used to determine and locate the existing features and improvement on a parcel of land. The word ‘features” here refers to both natural and artificial structure on a piece of land such as vegetation, build, land utilities, fence and boundaries road, land marks.
Statement Of Problem
Base on the investigation we made, we actually realize that there was absent of any base map/map information regarding the project site we decided to carry out the operation in other to produce a detailed plan of that area stating all the information existing on that site.
Aim and Objectives
The aim of this project was to produce a detail plan of part of comprehensive secondary school Ifa Attai, Uyo Local Government Area.
The aim stated above was achieve through the following objectives.
Defining boundaries to determine the area of that property.
Obtaining all the information about feature using coordinate mode of Total Station.
Producing a detail plan of the stated site.
Scope of The Study
Reconnaissance
Control establishment using GPS receiver
Perimeter traversing of the study area using Total Station
Detailing of features using total station
Plan production using AutoCAD.
Significant Of the Study
The production of digital detail map of comprehensive secondary school Mbak Etoi, Uyo Local Government Area when complete will be significant in the following ways.
In updating of information and quick retrieval of information for better planning and environmental management.
In physical planning and accurate decision making.
It serves as reference material for student working on related field to study.
Production of features map (natural and artificial) of the school that will help in construction activities and environment impact management.
It exposes the student to the practical application in surveying
It serves as guideline for government for proper planning and management of the school for both natural and artificial features of the school in question.
The Study Area
The study area is comprehensive secondary school Mbak Etoi, Uyo Local Government Area.
Definition Of Term
Traversing: It consist of series of survey line connected to each other having length and directions
Bearing: The bearing of a line is direction to some North point of which there several such as the magnet, grid or arbitrary North.
Offset: A short distance measured perpendicularly from the main line in surveying or any measurement taken from a chain line.
Instrument Station: The station or point the instrument is occupying.
Controls: This refer to a system of points which are used as fixed reference for other survey or detail or beacons.
Line Of Collimation: It is an imaginary line through the epical center of the object glass and the crosshair intersection in the diaphragm.
Traverse Adjustment: The distribution of the disclosure appropriately to all reading to correct for the error.
Misclosure: The difference between the true value and the observe value.
Forward Bearing: The direction of line in the direction of the progress of the survey
Coordinate: it refers to any reference system used to define the unique location of a point, line or area of information by defining geographic information.
Back Sight: A back sight is a reading taken on a position of known coordinates since a survey progresses from a point of known position to a point of unknown, a back sight is a reading looking “backward” along the line of progress. The first reading of almost any survey job should be a back sight onto a fixed point of reference, usually a bench mark of some sort.
Baseline: A baseline is a line used for reference in a survey job. It is often a centerline or a street line. A base line is not necessarily straight.
Booking Values: Booking simply means entering the field data in the field book. A format appropriate for the type of survey should be followed to make interpretation and retrieval easy.
Datum: A datum is a fixed starting point of a scale for example; the datum level for elevation is typically taken as mean sea level.
Autocad: is a computer aided design CAD program use for 2D and 3D design and drafting used for drafting of plans, maps etc digitally.
Beacon: Beacon can be considered as permanent survey marks of any kind and is made of concrete, iron or stone and includes pillars and boundary post so made. Beacons are used to demarcate the actual boundaries between one settlement and another. They are surveying tools and are of different size and type.
Data: in computing data is information that has been translated into form that is more convenience to move or process.
Software: This is organize information in the form of operating system, utilities, programs and application comprising of set of instruction and code that enable the computer system to analyze data and produce plans or maps.
Hardware: Computer hardware is the physical part or component of a computer of a computer, such as monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, hard disk drive (HDD, graphic card, and sound card, memory (RAM), mother board etc all of which are tangible physical etc.
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