EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMNCE

EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMNCE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The importance of instructional materials in the teaching and learning environment at school cannot be overstated. Instructional materials are learning aids that use both sight and sound to help students understand concepts and improve their educational experience (Nolan, 2022).

Audio-visual aids in education are educational materials or teaching equipment that appeal to the senses of sight and hearing. These aid in motivating and enticing students to participate in high-level recall learning exercises by simultaneously producing images or charts for the eyes and sounds for the ears.

When instructional materials are used, students’ or learners’ attention is piqued, the lesson becomes genuine, students participate more actively, and they remember significantly more information than when instructional materials are not used, according to Nolan (2022).

Bekaiye (2019) and Iwoh (2018) discovered that teaching resources were either unavailable or ineffectively used in schools where they were available. Instructional materials can look like images or graphs in nature. They include, among other things, models, field trips, charts, textbooks, blackboards, and photographs.

The adage “a picture is worth a thousand words” is true. Nolan (2022) believed that when children see and hear in addition to reading and seeing, they remember far more information. Furthermore, he believed that when instructional resources are used, learning occurs in less time.

It is impossible to overestimate the value of instructional materials in the educational system. Ademola (2022) emphasized the importance of instructional materials in facilitating effective and efficient learning in any learning environment.

system, as well as the economic and social rationale for any learning system. Furthermore, he claims that instructional materials not only play an important role in individuals’ learning processes, but also contribute to their overall growth. According to Oshodi (2021), Nigeria must release the fruits of its investment in education in the form of instructional materials, as it is these resources that will enable her work to be realized. As a result, he advocated for the provision of educational resources in schools. He also suggests using instructional tools that promote teaching at all educational levels, from preschool to university.

Following that, Ajayi and Salami (2019) emphasized the importance of instructional materials in meeting educational objectives by arguing that instructional materials improve instructors’ competency, instructional effectiveness, and classroom management.

It improves the appreciability and hospitability of the learning environment. During the course of the class, the student’s attention is better managed and maintained.

Adeyemi (2022) supported the preceding claim by stating that seeing something leaves a far more lasting impression on children than hearing about it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceived impact of instructional materials on students’ academic performance. Selected secondary schools in the state of Lagos will serve as case studies in this regard.

1.2 THE PROBLEM’S STATEMENT

Man seeks efficient ways to share his thoughts, talents, and expertise in all aspects of his life. Learning is the ability to recall and apply what has been taught. A teacher recognizes this fundamental reality and strives to improve.

Teaching effectiveness in any way possible. It has been determined that expressing meaning, concepts, and information solely through words is ineffective (Adeyemi 2022). It is not only unsuccessful, but it also contradicts several learning concepts. Because common experience and research have shown that people learn differently, the instructor must provide instruction in a way that captures the learners’ attention so that they can retain what is being taught with less difficulty while also ensuring that learning occurs efficiently. This can be accomplished by the teacher’s use of a variety of instructional tools that promote effective learning (Adeyemi 2022).

As a result, the goal of instructional materials is to accommodate the various learning styles of students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived impact of instructional

materials on academic success among students. As a result, emphasis will be placed on the impact of stimulating and maintaining student interest in learning, changing attitude, the degree of acquisition and retention of factual knowledge, and motivating students (Ajayi & Salami 2019).

1.3 THE STUDY’S OBJECTIVES

The primary goal of this research is to evaluate the impact of instructional materials on students’ academic performance. This study specifically aims to:

i. Determine the extent to which instructional materials are used in secondary schools.

ii. Determine whether instructional materials have an impact on academic performance.

iii. Investigate the impact of instructional materials on students.

1.4 QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH

This study will address the following research questions:

i. How widely are instructional materials used in secondary schools?

ii. Do instructional materials have an impact?

What about academic performance?

iii. What effects do instructional materials have on students?

1.5 THE STUDY’S IMPORTANCE

With particular reference to a subset of private and public secondary schools in Jada Local Government, the perceived influence of instructional materials on student academic progress is significant.

The findings and recommendations of this study will motivate various governments and school authorities to develop strategies for successfully incorporating instructional materials into secondary school teaching and learning.

Teachers may train students in the proper use of instructional resources to facilitate faster absorption and retention of information in various institutions’ teaching-learning systems.

Parents would also not be excluded. They would comprehend the significance of instructors using appropriate instructional materials in the teaching of

various subjects, be financially capable of assisting schools in the acquisition of current instructional materials, and value the projects assigned to their children.

1.6 STUDY OBJECTIVES

The primary goal of this research is to evaluate the impact of instructional materials on students’ academic performance. This study specifically seeks to determine the extent to which instructional materials are used in secondary schools, whether instructional materials affect academic performance, and to investigate the effects of instructional materials on students.

Teachers and students from selected secondary schools in Adamawa State’s Jada LGArea will be recruited for this study.

1.7 THE STUDY’S LIMITATIONS

As with any human endeavor, the researcher encountered minor setbacks while conducting the study. Due to the scarcity of literature on the subject as a

Because of the nature of the discourse, the researcher incurred additional financial costs and spent additional time locating relevant materials, literature, or information, as well as during the data collection process, which is why the researcher chose a small sample size. Furthermore, the researcher conducted this investigation in conjunction with other scholarly endeavors. Furthermore, because only a small number of respondents completed the research instrument, the findings cannot be generalized to other secondary schools outside the state. Regardless of the constraints encountered throughout the investigation, all aspects were minimized to ensure the best results and most productive research.

1.8 TERM DEFINITION

Instructional materials, also known as teaching/learning materials, are any collection of materials that include animate and inanimate objects, as well as human and animal materials.

Non-human resources that a teacher may employ in teaching and learning situations to aid in the achievement of desired learning outcomes.

Academic achievement or academic performance refers to the extent to which a student, teacher, or institution has met their short or long-term educational objectives. Academic achievement is demonstrated by the completion of educational benchmarks such as secondary school diplomas and bachelor’s degrees.