ABSTRACT

This study looked into ethical affiliation and resource constraints in Nigeria, specifically in the Igbo Etiti Local Government Area of Enugu State. The researcher looked into the impact of ethnicity on Nigeria’s economic progress. In this study, four research questions and hypotheses were developed. The oral interview and questionnaire were utilized as research tools in this study. The study’s population was 209,248 people, and the sample size of 399 was obtained using the Taro Yamanis formula. In this investigation, basic random sampling was chosen as the sample method. The questionnaire is designed to include both closed-ended and open-ended questions. The data was treated with simple tables and percentages. The hypotheses were tested using the Chi-square method. Finally, the researcher discovered that ethnic identification had a major impact on Nigeria’s economic progress. Poor revenue allocation, mismanagement of given cash, and other resource difficulties of ethnic affiliation in Nigeria have also been identified. The researcher also revealed that ethnic affiliations in Enugu State’s Igbo Etiti Local Government Area have a significant impact on the area. According to the study, ruling elites should stimulate national debate to allow disparate groups to voice their frustrations and worries in order to construct a virile state.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

It is general knowledge that Nigeria is a multi-ethnic nation state with socio-cultural diversity among its ethnic groupings, all of which have resulted in cultural differences (Okafor, 2007). Differences in language, nutrition, clothes, and social systems, for example, have shown this cultural dissimilarity. Astute observers have noted, current events such as globalization have had little effect on these disparities. A lot of factors have contributed to the current state of affairs.

Almost the entire population of Nigeria still speaks indigenous languages, which aid in the identification of diverse ethnic groupings.

 

For the most part, people’s lifestyles have not changed in such a way that they have become more uniform. In the face of such a diversified backdrop,

The emergence of ethno-regionalism had a huge political impact in Nigeria. Theoretically, Edlyne (2002) claimed that ethnic and geographical elements influenced the establishment of political parties, manifestos, leadership systems, and campaign techniques. People who agree to share a common language, cultural ideology, and self-identity are referred to be ethnic nationalities.

According to Okafor (2007), Nigerian political parties have been divided into regional positions since the inception of the democratic system of government during the first republic, representing the three primary ethnic groupings of Hausa/Fulani, Igbo, and Yoruba. In a similar line, Nigerian democracy’s third republic continues the same path. Furthermore, the model shows that Nigerians are more loyal to their ethnic heritage than to their country. Because people are more prone to their identification than being a Nigerian, ethnicity has become the most important part of national identity in Nigerian politics (Ogundiya, 2007). (2010). According to Gilley (2009), the majority of Nigerians in their poll expect to be labeled based on their ethnic heritage. Nigerians, on the other hand, seem to cluster more readily around familial and traditional entities than around workplace class solidarities. Furthermore, “religious and ethnic identities are more fully formed, more holistic, and more strongly felt than class identities,” as evidenced by the fact that “while those who identify with religious and ethnic communities are almost universally proud of their group identities…those who see themselves as members of a social class are almost universally ashamed of their social class identities.” According to Ogundiya (2010), Nigeria has been transitioning from a military regime to a democratic system of government for a long time. However, since 1999, Nigeria has been unable to resolve ethno-religious and political violence, which has contributed to the deterioration of democratic governance and national integration. As a multi-ethnic society with a diverse religious and cultural heritage, the political system is required to successfully manage and regulate both human and natural resources, but this variety, on the other hand, has been a source of ethno-religious and political violence. Nigeria’s varied social structure has not changed considerably in terms of its heterogeneity in the five decades since independence. According to Gilley B (2009), the society’s diversity has made identification with the ‘country’ problematic. At the family and ethnic levels, identification is now much easier. As a result, many residents may never develop a meaningful sense of belonging to a country. This type of ethnic group connections has a negative connotation and could have serious implications for Nigeria’s democratic system. As a result, a discussion of ethnic politics’ consequences on democracy’s survival is or appears to be highly desirable. Given the cry of political marginalization emerging from numerous ethnic groups in the new democracy, it has even become imperative. The ethnic dimension is apparent in all political actions in Nigeria. It’s especially noticeable in

This study examines ethic affiliation and resource constraints in Nigeria, with a focus on the Igbo Etiti Local Government Area of Enugu State (Gilley, 2009).

According to Levitsky (2010), revenue allocation under a federal system of government involves two methods. The first is vertical sharing of resources between the federal or inclusive government and the various levels of government. The federally collected earnings are the focus of these pooling systems. Because funds earned within the jurisdictional regions of the units – states and local governments – are not subject to the national sharing formula, this is the case.

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