IMPACT OF PARENTAL STATUS ON STUDENT EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

IMPACT OF PARENTAL STATUS ON STUDENT EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background Study

One of the most important factors determining how far a country and its people will go is its ability to provide high-quality education to its citizens. It is widely acknowledged that the development of human resources must come first in order to lay the groundwork for any form of authentic growth (Akanle, 2017). Given this, formal education will always be the primary means of socioeconomic development and social mobilization in all civilizations. The amount of knowledge and information possessed by the population is the primary factor that distinguishes industrialized countries from developing countries. This distinction is not based on color, race, or any other characteristic; rather, it is based on This is the only factor. Even within the same society, people are divided into several groups based on the level of education they have received (Mumthas, 2016). As a result, education is one of the most important factors determining the evolution of human civilisation. Education is the primary means by which new information and knowledge are absorbed and disseminated throughout the world. To put it another way, “without education, man is as if in a restricted chamber, and with knowledge, he finds himself in a room with all its windows open onto the outside world.” Aristotle penned this proverb (Khan, 2018). The decisions that parents make as parents have a significant impact on their children’s academic achievement.

that their children enjoy while attending school. If parents were better educated, they would place a higher value on their children’s academic performance. Because of their own education, educated parents understand the significance of the link that exists between the parent, the student, the school, and the community in promoting their children’s educational attainment and academic success. As a result, well-educated parents place a high value on developing this relationship in order to maximize their children’s abilities (Okantey, 2018).

The roles that parents are expected to play in their children’s lives are weighty and significant. the extent to which A parent’s involvement in their child’s life is the single most important factor in determining the path that life will take for that child. The term “parental engagement” is a catch-all phrase that can refer to a wide range of activities. These activities can include things like providing excellent parenting, assisting with schoolwork, interacting with teachers, attending school events, and even participating in school governance. When schools and families collaborate to provide educational assistance to children, the children have a better chance of success not only in school but also in life. This is true whether the help is provided by the school or the family. To reiterate the obvious,

The most reliable predictor of a student’s academic performance is not the student’s family’s level of wealth or social standing; rather, it is the degree to which the student’s parents are able to cultivate a learning environment in the home and communicate to their children that they have high expectations for their children’s academic performance and future professional endeavors. This factor is the most reliable predictor of a student’s academic performance.

Students’ levels of personal growth and knowledge base expansion in the context of an educational setting that facilitates the teaching and learning process are inextricably linked to their levels of academic success. This is due to the fact that such an educational setting is necessary for the teaching and learning process. Academic achievement refers to a student’s level of success in the subjects taught at the school where they are enrolled, and it is measured in terms of grade point average (Pandey, 2018). The student’s academic performance is the criterion used to determine the student’s position in the class. Young people can use this opportunity to improve their skills and grades while also getting a head start on the academic challenges they will face in the future. It has been demonstrated that one of the most important factors influencing students’ overall academic achievement in school is the level of interest shown by their parents.

in their academic endeavors. This is one of the most important factors influencing students’ overall academic performance. A variety of dimensions of parental engagement, in particular; however, parents from various occupational groups typically have distinct methods of child parenting, different ways of punishing their children, and different ways of responding to their children. Specifically, these distinctions can be seen in each of these domains. These disparities do not manifest themselves uniformly within each family, as one might expect; rather, they have an impact on the normal attitudes that families have toward various occupational groups. 2019 (Rothestein).

The family is the fundamental unit of society, and it is from there that a child’s education must begin. When the child is born, he or she must still be in the cradle. This is because the family is the primary organizational unit of society. V. Hugo compares a person’s guiding principles, which have been in place since the person was an infant, to letters engraved in the bark of a young tree; as the tree ages, these letters continue to spread and become a vital component of the tree. As a result, laying a solid foundation for development is the single most important step in the process of raising children and receiving an education. Nobody has ever claimed that raising children is easy, so don’t believe anyone who claims it. They do not include any advice or instructions, and I can assure you that they do not include a stop button, which I looked for. They do not have a stop button, which I checked for. They do, however, come with a very important set of conditions that must be addressed both physically and emotionally. If the parents are unable to meet these specific needs, there may be far-reaching and long-lasting consequences in their nature (Christheisen, 2019). This is due to the fact that parents serve as their children’s first teachers while they are at home. Language abilities such as speaking, listening, writing, and reading are acquired concurrently with a child’s development. child’s growth from the stage of an infant to that of a toddler to that of a pre-schooler. This applies to children of all ages. These abilities lay the groundwork for the child’s potential for academic success in the future. Numerous studies have shown that parents have a significant impact on their children’s academic performance in school. According to these studies, parents are the most important factor in academic achievement. According to Gadsden (2017), greater parental involvement in a child’s early stages of education has a positive influence on the child’s academic progress, including higher levels of academic attainment. This is especially true for children from low-income households. According to Harderves (2018)’s findings, there are specific

Characteristics shared by families with children who excel in school. • Creating a consistent schedule for the entire family to follow each day by allocating study time and a calm space for the kids, as well as delegating responsibilities for household duties.

• Keep an eye out for extracurricular activities, such as reducing the amount of time spent playing and watching television, as well as keeping an eye on the buddy groups that children walk with and reducing the amount of time they spend doing both.

• Encourage children’s development and progress in school by providing a safe and encouraging environment at home, as well as taking an interest in their academic performance.

assisting children with their homework, and having conversations with children about the significance of getting a good education and making plans for their future careers. This will help children achieve greater academic success. Given this context, the goal of this study is to assess the impact of parental status on student educational achievement in Osun secondary schools.

1.2 Definition of the problem

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of a parent’s role in their child’s life at any given time. This is especially true for the role that parents play in their children’s lives. When considering a child’s future health and development, the home environment is an extremely important factor to consider. consideration. Izzo et al. (2019) conducted a three-year study in which they followed the same group of 1205 US students from kindergarten to third grade. The researchers observed the students from start to finish. The teachers determined whether or not the students were actively engaged in the learning process by analyzing their participation in four different types of activities: the frequency of parent-teacher contact; the quality of interaction between the parent and the teacher; participation in educational activities at home; and participation in school activities. The grades of the students were used to assess academic performance. These aspects, along with data on family history, were investigated to determine whether or not Is there any relationship between them and academic success? According to the findings of a previous study, all forms of parental engagement declined with the child’s age, and involvement in the home ‘predicted the largest range of performance variance.’ Another longitudinal study conducted by Dubois (2015) found that family support and the quality of parent-child relationships were significant predictors of school adjustment in a sample of 159 young American adolescents (aged 10-12) who were followed in a two-year longitudinal study. The participants in this study were all from the United States, and it lasted two years. The research project was conducted in the United States of America. Parental involvement in the classroom and at home has been shown unequivocally and unequivocally to have significant positive effects on student achievement and adjustment that far outweigh the effects of other forms of involvement. When schools and families collaborate to provide educational assistance to children, the children have a better chance of success not only in school but also in life. This is true whether the help is provided by the school or the family. The challenges of single parenthood, family crisis, and women’s increasing involvement in various areas of community and national development make one wonder whether parents can still be committed to their wards or whether they are putting enough effort into effective parenting. In light of these challenges, parents should be concerned about their children’s learning and performance. This begs the question of whether or not parents are putting enough effort into their children’s effective learning and performance in light of these challenges (Dubois, 2015). The previous discussion established that a child’s socioeconomic status, as well as a variety of other factors relating to the student’s home environment, such as parents’ educational background, students’ health status, parental occupation, and family size, could all have an impact on the child’s academic achievement. This discussion also established that a child’s socioeconomic status, as well as a variety of other factors related to the student’s home environment, could have an impact on academic achievement. of the child. Why, given the importance of education to economic growth, is it not given the priority it deserves, as evidenced by the relatively low pass rates? In the case of children enrolled in secondary school in the state of Osun, which factors have the greatest impact on their academic performance? Many different explanations emerge when we consider why some children perform better than others. These children may devote a greater proportion of their time to learning at home than their classmates. Have they demonstrated a greater capacity for learning than others? Is there a link between the student’s performance and factors such as

his or her personal history, lifestyle, and surroundings? As a result, this study will investigate the effect of parental status on secondary school student educational achievement.

1.3 The research’s objectives

The overall goal of this study is to look into the effect of parental status on student educational achievement in secondary schools. It specifically seeks to learn the following:

i. To investigate the impact of parental financial status on students’ educational achievement.

ii. Determine the impact of the parent’s educational status on educational achievement.

iii. Determine the impact of parents’ educational qualifications on students’ academic achievement.

iv. To assess if there is a difference in the parental involvement and non-involvement in the educational achievement of students.

1.4 Research Suggestions

In addressing this problem, the following

The following research questions will be posed:

i. Does parental financial status influence students’ academic achievement?

ii. Does the parent’s educational status influence educational achievement?

iii. Does parental educational qualification influence students’ academic achievement?

iv. Is there a difference between parental involvement and non-involvement in students’ educational achievement?

1.5 Importance of this Research

It is hoped that the findings of this study will shed light on some of the factors that may be to blame for students’ poor academic performance. The identified areas where government at various levels could intervene will be prioritized in order to bridge the educational attainment gap between children of low and high income earners in society.

The study will benefit the academic community because

It will add to the existing body of knowledge.

1.6 Scope of the Research

This study will look at the impact of parental financial status on students’ academic achievement. The study will also investigate the effect of the parent’s educational status on educational achievement. The study will look into whether parents’ educational qualifications affect their children’s academic achievement. Finally, the study will look to see if there is a difference between parental involvement and non-involvement in students’ educational achievement. As a result, this study will be limited to Osun State.

1.7 The study’s limitations

The researchers encountered minor constraints while conducting the study, as with any human endeavor. Inadequate funds tend to impede the researcher’s efficiency in locating relevant materials, literature, or information.

in the data collection process (internet, questionnaire, and interview), which is why the researcher chose a moderate sample size. Furthermore, the researcher will conduct this study alongside other academic work. As a result, the time spent researching will be reduced.

1.8 Operational Terminology Definition

Parental status: the presence or absence of a child or children.

Educational achievement: performance outcomes that indicate the extent to which a person has achieved specific goals that were the focus of activities in instructional environments, specifically in school, college, and universityqualities shared by families with children who do well in school. These characteristics include the following: • Establishing a consistent schedule for the entire family

Each day, make time for study and a calm environment for the kids, as well as delegate responsibilities for household duties.

• Keep an eye out for extracurricular activities, such as reducing the amount of time spent playing and watching television, as well as keeping an eye on the buddy groups that children walk with and reducing the amount of time they spend doing both.

• Encourage children’s development and progress in school by providing a safe and encouraging environment at home, taking an interest in their classroom performance, assisting children with their homework, and having conversations with children about the importance of a good education and making plans for their future careers. This will be beneficial.

Children achieve greater academic success. Given this context, the goal of this study is to assess the impact of parental status on student educational achievement in Osun secondary schools.

1.2 Definition of the problem

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of a parent’s role in their child’s life at any given time. This is especially true for the role that parents play in their children’s lives. When considering a child’s future health and development, the home environment is an extremely relevant and significant factor to consider. Izzo et al. (2019) conducted a study that followed the same group of 1205 US students from kindergarten to third grade. period of three years. The researchers observed the students from start to finish. The teachers determined whether or not the students were actively engaged in the learning process by analyzing their participation in four different types of activities: the frequency of parent-teacher contact; the quality of interaction between the parent and the teacher; participation in educational activities at home; and participation in school activities. The grades of the students were used to assess academic performance. These factors, along with data on family history, were investigated to see if there was a link between them and academic success. According to the findings of a previous study, Izzo et al. (2019) discovered that all forms of parental engagement decreased with the child’s age, and parental involvement ‘predicted the greatest range of performance variance.’ Another longitudinal study conducted by Dubois (2015) found that family support and the quality of parent-child relationships were significant predictors of school adjustment in a sample of 159 young American adolescents (aged 10-12) who were followed in a two-year longitudinal study. The participants in this study were all from the United States, and it lasted two years. The research project was conducted in the United States of America. Unambiguously, research has shown that parental involvement in the classroom as well as at home has a significant positive impact on student achievement and adjustment. outweigh the effects of other forms of participation. When schools and families collaborate to provide educational assistance to children, the children have a better chance of success not only in school but also in life. This is true whether the help is provided by the school or the family. In light of the challenges of single parenthood, family crisis, and women’s increasing involvement in various areas of community and national development, one wonders whether parents are still able to be committed to their wards or whether they are putting enough effort into their children’s effective learning and performance. This begs the question of whether or not parents are putting forth sufficient effort to ensure effective learning. and their children’s performance in light of these challenges (Dubois, 2015). The previous discussion established that a child’s socioeconomic status, as well as a variety of other factors relating to the student’s home environment, such as parents’ educational background, students’ health status, parental occupation, and family size, could all have an impact on the child’s academic achievement. This discussion also established that a child’s socioeconomic status, as well as a variety of other factors related to the student’s home environment, could have an impact on the child’s academic achievement. Why, given the importance of education to economic growth, is it not given the level of importance it deserves? what about the relatively low pass rates? In the case of children enrolled in secondary school in the state of Osun, which factors have the greatest impact on their academic performance? Many different explanations emerge when we consider why some children perform better than others. These children may devote a greater proportion of their time to learning at home than their classmates. Have they demonstrated a greater capacity for learning than others? Is there a link between the student’s performance and factors such as his or her personal history, way of life, and environment? As a result, this study will investigate the effect of parental status on secondary school student educational achievement.

1.3 The research’s objectives

The overall goal of this study is to look into the effect of parental status on student educational achievement in secondary schools. It specifically seeks to learn the following:

i. To investigate the impact of parental financial status on students’ educational achievement.

ii. Determine the impact of the parent’s educational status on educational achievement.

iii. Determine the impact of parents’ educational qualifications on students’ academic achievement.

iv. Determine whether there is a difference in student educational achievement between parental involvement and non-involvement.

1.4 Research Suggestions

In order to address this issue, the following research questions will be raised:

i. Does parental financial status influence students’ academic achievement?

ii. Does the parent’s educational status influence educational achievement?

iii. Are parents educational

What effect does qualification have on students’ educational achievement?

iv. Is there a difference between parental involvement and non-involvement in students’ educational achievement?

1.5 Importance of this Research

It is hoped that the findings of this study will shed light on some of the factors that may be to blame for students’ poor academic performance. The identified areas where government at various levels could intervene will be prioritized in order to bridge the educational attainment gap between children of low and high income earners in society.

The study will benefit the academic community because it will add to the existing literature.

1.6 Scope of the Research

This study will look at the impact of parental financial status on students’ academic achievement. The research will also

Determine the effect of the parent’s educational status on educational achievement. The study will look into whether parents’ educational qualifications affect their children’s academic achievement. Finally, the study will look to see if there is a difference between parental involvement and non-involvement in students’ educational achievement. As a result, this study will be limited to Osun State.

1.7 The study’s limitations

The researchers encountered minor constraints while conducting the study, as with any human endeavor. Inadequate funds tend to impede the researcher’s efficiency in sourcing relevant materials, literature, or information, as well as in the data collection process (internet, questionnaire, and interview), which is why the researcher chose a moderate sample size. Furthermore, the researcher will

Participate in this research while also doing other academic work. As a result, the time spent researching will be reduced.

1.8 Operational Terminology Definition

Parental status: the presence or absence of a child or children.

Educational achievement: performance outcomes that indicate how far a person has progressed toward specific goals that were the focus of activities in instructional settings, such as school, college, and university.