IMPACT OF STREET HAWKING ON GIRL CHILD ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The developmental psychologist emphasizes all aspects of the child development process, with a special focus on the factors that influence these developmental trends. According to the United Nations Children’s Education Fund (UNICEF, 2000), there are 121 million out-of-school children worldwide, with 65 million girls accounting for 80 percent of the total.
Involving children in street hawking is a growing trend in Nigeria and a source of concern. Child street trading (Ashimolowo, Aromolaran, & Inegbedion, 2010), child street hawking (Mathias & Dada, 2013), juvenile street hawking (Udoh & Joseph, 2012), and child street vendor are all terms for this trend (Ugochukwu, Okeke, Onubogu & Edokwe, 2012). Children are preferred over adults in hawking goods because they are less criminal and provide less expensive labor for the employer (Arhedo, Aluede, & Arhedo, 2011;
Anumaka et al., 2012). This has resulted in an increase in the number of children who hawk goods on the street every day while their peers are at school.
As a result, many girls are sent out of school to ‘hawk’ goods or engage in other forms of economic activity to supplement the family income. Despite UNICEF, Girl Education Project (GEP), and Nigeria Enhancing Girl Basic Education in Nigeria (ACTIONAID) efforts to reduce child hawking abuse and teach these girls basic literacy and skills that will enable them to earn a living.
Girl child education in Yobe state began when the federal government of Nigeria, in collaboration with UNICEF, recognized the need to reduce child mortality.
Abuse is being hawked. Many parents are unconcerned about their daughter’s education because they believe she will soon become someone else’s property, while others hide behind religion. Girl children are typically assigned domestic work, and the majority of them are removed from schools and placed in the labor market to support the entire family through hawking or petty trading (Nigeria Tribune, September 3, 2002). As a result, the gender gap in education must be bridged, particularly by creating socioeconomic and political conditions that allow and encourage girls’ children to attend school. As a result, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of street hawking on the academic performance of girls’ children.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Adolescent female students are expected to revise their
After school, they should take notes, do their homework, and rest to prepare for the next day’s school activities, which will improve their academic performance. However, it has been observed that not all students (including female students) revise their notes, complete homework, and rest after school hours. Instead, the students engage in income-generating activities such as selling goods after school hours to supplement family income. Students’ attention is divided between academic work and income-generating activities as a result of this attitude. This dreadful trend exists at a time when student academic performance is declining. The question that arises is whether this attitude has any effect on the academic performance of the students. As a result, this research is necessary.
1.3 MAIN GOALS
The study’s overarching goal is to investigate the impact of street hawking on the academic performance of female adolescent students in Yobe State. Among the specific goals are:
1. What effect does street hawking have on the academic performance of female adolescent students?
2. Determine whether there is a link between parents’ socioeconomic status and girl-child street hawking.
3. Determine the consequences of female street hawking.
1.4 HYPOTHESIS OF RESEARCH
Ho1: Street hawking has no effect on female adolescent students’ academic performance.
Ho2: There is no link between parental socioeconomic status and girl-child street hawking.
1.5 THE STUDY’S IMPORTANCE
This study will be very important because it will provide important information.
on the causes, effects and remedies of girl-child street hawking in Nigeria. The study will also educate illiterate parents and parents who are less concerned about their female children’s academic participation, as well as the benefits of supporting and sponsoring their female children’s education. The research will also be useful for future research on street hawking both within and outside of the country.
1.6 STUDY OBJECTIVES
The research focuses on the impact of street hawking on the academic performance of female adolescent students, as well as the relationship between girl-child street hawking and parental socioeconomic status. As a result, this study should be limited to secondary schools in Yobe State’s Bade Local Government Area.
1.8 THE LIMITATION OF the study
The following factors were the study’s major limitations:
Financial constraint: Due to a lack of funds for purchasing research materials and transportation to the research site, researchers struggle to reach appropriate conclusions.
Time: The duration of this research study was brief. Given this, the researcher was unable to cover many more topics.
Language Barrier: Because the researcher does not speak some of the respondents’ languages, he must rely on an interpreter who cannot adequately interpret the information required.
1.8 TERMS’ DEFINITIONS
Hawking is the act of parading along roads and streets with goods beckoning buyers to purchase them.
Academic performance is the assessment of student achievement in a variety of academic subjects.
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