Information Sources And Use Of Traditional Medicine Among Farmers

Information Sources And Use Of Traditional Medicine Among Farmers 

Abstract

The study examined the information sources and use of traditional drug among growers in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria. It examined the availability of information to the growers, some disease that affect agrarian product, soberness of the disease on product, reasons for repliers use of traditional drug perceived effectiveness of traditional drug in treating disease, the constraints facing the growers in product and the constraints facing the growers in penetrating and using of traditional drug in the study areas. Simple arbitrary slice procedure was used in the study to elect the repliers each from three communities in Edo State which yielded 120 repliers and 5 communities in Delta State which yielded 100 repliers using well structured questionnaire to gain data. The demographic characteristic considered in the study were coitus, age, connubial status, religion, education, ranch size. husbandry experience, ménage size, labour force, class of collaborative/ association, social group belong to, leadership experience, frequence of contact with traditional drug in the study area was considered Descriptive Statistics, Chi-square, T- test, frequence distribution counts, mean and Spearmen rho’s correlation were employed in data analysis and the finding reveal that the major information, sources, radio( mean = 2.80), TV( mean = 2.68), neighbors( mean = 2.65), fellow growers( mean = 2.20) and extension agencies( mean = 2.11) were the most effective sources of information.

Also, utmost disease similar as malaria, cough, diabetes, high blood pressure, joint and reverse pain, hepatitis, dysentery, ulcer, indigestion and pneumonia had effect on the growers in both Edo and Delta States independently. In Edo and Delta States, the findings revealed that disease affected the ranch size, yield and income after affections. soberness of the disease in Edo and Delta States was seen during weeding( mean = 2.66),( mean2.57) independently. Reasons for growers use of traditional drug was revealed to be due to the fact that it’s affordable, cheap, culturally- grounded,non-addictive, accessible, natural, abundant with no side effect or disinclinations. The study also reveal that traditional drug was effective in the treatment of cough( mean = 2.70), diabetes( mean2.63) and malaria( mean = 2.50) in Edo State while in Delta State, traditional drug was effective for treating cough( mean = 2.95), diabetes( mean = 2.43) and also malaria( mean = 2.50). The most serious constraints in product for Edo and Delta countries were related to lack of good roads( mean = 4.86), low income( mean = 4.75), no dependable source of water( mean = 4.73), low yield( mean = 4.58), lack of information on traditional drug( mean = 4.50), time diverted to minding for the sick( mean = 4.44) ignorance( mean = 4.49), lack of power( mean = 4.35), reduced labour( mean = 4.18), absenteeism fro work( mean = 4.12). The same result was also recorded for Delta State. All the constraints related to access and uses of traditional drug were serious in both Edo and Delta States with a mean lesser than3.00. It’s recommended that further mindfulness in the aspect of information on traditional drug be given high precedence to ameliorate the access of growers to traditional drug.

Fctable Of Contents

Title runner——— i

Instrument——— ii

Fidelity——— iii

Acknowledgement——– iv

Table of contents——– v

List of table——— viii

Abstract——— ix

Chapter One

Preface——– C1

Background Information—— 1

Statement of the Problem——- 6

objects of the Study—— 7

suppositions of the Study—— 8

Defense——– 8

Chapter Two

Literature Review——- 10

Gender places in Agriculture—— 24

Rubber( Hevea Brasiliensis)—— 26

Botany of Rubber——- 27

Climatic and Soil demand—– 28

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology——– 39

Area and compass of Study—— 39

Population of the Study—— 40

slice ways——- 40

Data Collection Instrument—— 41

system of Data Analysis—— 41

dimension of Variables—— 42

– profitable characteristics of the repliers 42

Assessment on Involvement in Rubber Production Conditioning Tasks- 42

Sources of product Information—– 42

Relinquishment of Rubber Technologies—– 43

Perceived Factors affecting Rubber Production 43

Suggested results to the product constraints 43

CHAPTER FOUR

Results and Discussion—— 44

particular Characteristics of Repliers—- 44

Age of Repliers——- 44

Gender——– 44

connubial Status of Repliers—– 45

Religion of Repliers—— 45

Household Size——- 45

ranch Size——– 46

ranch Power——- 46

Educational Level of Repliers—– 46

Non Farm Occupation——- 47

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations 73

Summary——– 73

Conclusion——– 73

Recommendations——- 74

REFERENCES——– 75

excursus 1——— 80

List Of Tables

Table 1 particular Characteristics of Rubber Farmers ’— 48

Table 2 Involvement of men, women and youth in rubber product-51

Table 3 Pattern of Involvement—— 53

Table 4 Sources of product Information—– 55

Table 5 Relinquishment of Rubber Technologies frequence Distribution of Technology

espoused——– 57

Table 6 Distribution of Adopters of Different Rubber product Technologies58

Table 7 Benefits of espousing Improved Rubber Technology– 60

Table 8 Perceived factors affecting Rubber product 64

Table 9 Suggested results to Constraints—– 66

Table 10 Relationship between Respondent Socio Economic Characteristics and the

Gender Involvement in Rubber products— 68

Table 11 Group Statistics——- 70

Table 12 Difference between the involvement of manly and womanish in Rubber

product——– 71

Abstract

Despite the recently developed technologies that could enhance rubber product in Nigeria, the position of product has not increased significantly. The study assessed the perception of rubber famers on the gender places and technology relinquishment in rubber product, Edo State, Nigeria. The major objects are to examine gender part and technology relinquishment in rubber product in Edo State.

A simple arbitrary slice fashion was used in opting 120 rubber growers as repliers for the study. Data were anatomized using descriptive statistics similar as frequence counts, probabilities, means and standard divagation. The Pearson product moment correlation was the deducible statistics used. Findings reveal that58.3 of the rubber growers are manly while41.7 are womanish.44.2 are within the age range of 41 to 50 times and are educated to the tertiary position of education independently. Also,85.0 are married with59.2 having a ranch size of below 5 hectares. likewise, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria( x = 2.86) musketeers Relative( x = 2.18) and Radio/ TV( x = 2.17) were the major sources of product information.

Use of clean jelling kissers was the most extensively espoused while intercropping with pastoralist crop was the least espoused in the study area. The perceived factors affecting rubber product were low price of latex( x = 3.69), attainability of land( x = 3.66), and credit for product( x = 3.61) only age( r = 0.371 P<0.05) and ranch power( r = 0.036 P<0.05) was significant.0.045,0.046,0.049,0.044,0.006,0.005 are significant in the study area.

It was concluded that because of gender participation in rubber product, a easy access to accoutrements and also the kind of conditioning involved in it principally, areas of processing. It was recommended that growers should be guided on carrying loans from fiscal institutions and the land reform docket of the government should be boosted to enhance easy access to land by small scale growers.

Chapter One

Preface

Background of the Study

Traditional drug as it’s well known is a artistic gem of colorful community around the world and encompasses all kinds of folk drug, unconventional drug and indeed any kind of therapeutically system that have been handed down by the tradition of a community or ethnical group( Adesina, 2003).

By the World Health Organization( WHO, 1976) description, Traditional drug is the sum aggregate of all knowledge and practices, whether soluble or not used in opinion forestallment and elimination of physical, internal or social imbalance and counting simply on practical experience and observation handed down from generation to generation whether verbally or in jotting. With these description, colorful forms of drugs and curatives similar as herbal drugs, massage, homeopathy, slush bath, music remedy, wax bath, reflexology, cotillion remedy, tone- exercise curatives, radiation and vibration, osteopathy, chiropractics aroma- remedy, preventative drug, radiant heat remedy etc are a many rudiments of traditional drug. It does show that a large country of the size of Nigeria with high population and different culture and traditions should be rich in traditional drug and should have prestigious, knowledgeable and regardful traditional healers to take care of the bulging population.

A planter engages in husbandry and raises living organisms for food or raw material for medicinal purposes( Wikipedia, free encyclopedia) a condiment growers is generally a ranch where sauces are grown for request trade. Sauces may be for culinary, medicinal or sweet use( Wikipedia, free encyclopedia) some traditional Health interpreters ’ sauces have been given recognition by the National Agency for Food Drug Administration and Control( NAFDAC).

The WHO has also fete the central part traditional drug plays in the 21st century, especially in the areas of forestallment and operation of conditions similar as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/ AIDS among others. Hence in 2002, it lunched its first ever comprehensive traditional drug strategy( Adesina, 2008). The strategies are Development of public programs on the evaluation and regulation of traditional drug; Creating a stronger substantiation base and quality of Traditional drug product and practice; icing vacuity and affordability of traditional drug including essential herbal drug; Promoting therapeutically sound use of traditional drug by providers and consumers and establishing traditional drug and remedies to meliorate physical illness as well as cerebral and spiritual comfort.

Traditional drug embraces ways of guarding and restoring health that was before the appearance of orthodox drug( WHO, 2001) World Health Organization thus defines Traditional drug as different health practices, approaches, knowledge and belief incorporating creatures, shops and other mineral- grounded drug, spiritual curatives, homemade ways and exercise applied singularly or in combination to maintain well- being as well as to treat, opinion or help illness( WHO 2000; 2002). Buor( 1993) in his study on the impact of traditional drug in the health care delivery services in Ghana argues that traditional drug involves the use of folk population primarily of unorthodox and unscientific styles for restorative and forestallment of conditions. It has been batted whether the word “ Traditional ” should be used at all as it implies some degree of stagnancy or backwardness( Hougen etal., 1998).

lines, culture and indigenous people of nations throughout the world have evolve systems of traditional drug for generations and community have set up utmost of these medical practices precious and affordable and still depends on them for their health care requirements. The WHO estimates that about 60 of the world’s population uses herbal drugs for treating their sickness and up to 80 of the population living in African region depends on traditional drug for some aspect of primary health care( WHO 2002).

Indeed in pastoral communities in Edo and Delta countries, like other developing countries and away, traditional drug as it appears moment will continue to remain a vital and endless part of the people’s own health care.

Traditional interpreters use a wide range of treatments ranging from magic tobio-medical treatment styles similar as fasting and overeating, bathing, massage, and surgical procedures. Migraines, coughs, abscesses and pleurisy are frequently cured using the system of “ bleed- cupping ” after which an herbal ointment is applied with a follow- up herbal medicine. Some societies also rub hot ointment across the case’s eyelid to cure headache. Malaria is cured by drinking and using brume from an herbal admixture. In some position, the natives have been known, for the use of the fat of Boa constrictor to cure gout and rheumatism, it’s allowed to relieve casket pain when rubbed into the skin.

Affections have over the times been a scourge and a trouble to humanity. People from different artistic background have used different herbal factory, factory excerpt, beast product and mineral substance( Addea- Mensah, 1992) as the means to watch, cure and treat ill- health with complaint forestallment and with health creation( Curtis and Taket, 1996) sincepre-historic times.

Some disease that affects growers ’ in Edo and Delta countries are

Affections

Malaria,

Coughs

Ulcers

Diabetics

High blood pressure

common and aft pain

Hepatitis

Dysentery

Pneumonia

Indigestion

It’s intriguing to note that growers are less prone to arthritic condition(Dr. Uwadiae, Orthopedic Surgeon of the Central Hospital, Benin City, Edo State). An interview from Pax Herbal Magazine.

Some traditional interpreters now have NAFDAC enrollment numbere.g.

Pax Herbal BK – A7 – 0773L

Pax Herbal logotin- A70913L

Pax Herbal cough saccharinity- 04- 7504L

Pax Herbal skin ointment- A7 – 0342L

DatumaD.B Admixture( 30 x 10g) 04 – 8264L

KabalS.C. Herbal Greasepaint- 04 – 8464L

source NAFDAC and manufacturers ’ List, 2011).

Statement of the problem

Health care system contribute a major part in maintain good health. The study was conducted to dissect the frequence of preference of traditional health care system in pastoral people in Edo and Delta States independently.

Ill- health is a great factor that brings about the absenteeism of existent at work as well as the absence of growers from the ranch. The greatly reduces growers yield and income accruable from ranch product due to loss of man days at work which in turn increases the poverty position of growers. In order to help this, restorative measures are used, in recent times, there seems to be a drastic shift by some growers from orthodox medicines to herbal products in curing their disease.

Hence, it’s important to stress the applicability of traditional drug preference as a researchable issue among growers in Edo and Delta States. utmost Nigerians especially those living in the pastoral communities do n’t have access to orthodox drug and it’s estimated that over 75 of the crowd still prefers to break their health problems consulting traditional healers( Awudu, 2000) where similar access live, there’s a rising cost of imported drug and other goods used for drugs. either, numerous pastoral communities have great faith in traditional drug particularly the inexplainable aspect as they believe it’s the knowledges of their fore- fathers which also fete their socio-artistic and religious background which orthodox drug seems to reject. Recent result/ report shows that further people in the world embraces traditional drug.

In 1996, the World Health Organization Published( WHO Policy and conditioning in the field of traditional drug) that in China, the rate of medical croakers to 1 population stood at 120,000 compared with traditional interpreters ’ rate of 12,000.

thus, this study seeks to examine or ascertain growers ’ preference and the determinants for similar preference in Edo and Delta States. It’s also intriguing and good of note that the National Agency for food, medicines Administration and Control( NAFDAC) have encouraged some traditional drug interpreters by enrollment of traditional drugs and approving the operation of traditional drugs and approving the operation of traditional drug with approved NAFDAC figures. This is done in recognition of the efficacity of traditional drug.

Grounded on these data, the questions that this study seeks to address are

What are the growers ’ socio- profitable characteristics?

What’s repliers ’ access and preference for sources of information on traditional drug?

What disease do repliers use traditional drug for?

What effect do affections have on replier’s agrarian product?

How effective is the traditional drug and what are repliers reasons for preference?

What constraint do repliers face in their husbandry conditioning and treatment of disease using traditional drug?

Objects Of The Study

The broad ideal of this study is to examine planter preference for traditional drug in the treatment of affections in the study area.

The specific objects of this study are

examine the socio- profitable characteristics of the growers in the study area;

examine the repliers ’ access and preference for sources on information on traditional drug;

identify the disease repliers ’ use traditional drug for;

examine the effect disease have on repliers ’ agrarian product;

Ascertain the effectiveness of traditional drug and the repliers ’ reasons for preference; and

identify constraint repliers ’ face in their husbandry conditioning and treatment of disease using traditional drug.

Thesis Of The Study

There’s no significant relationship between the socio profitable characteristics of planter’s and use of traditional drug.

There’s no significant difference between the socio profitable characteristics of growers and their access to sources of information on traditional drug.

There’s no significant relationship between socio- profitable characteristics of growers and constraint faced in husbandry conditioning and treatment of disease using traditional drug.

There’s no significant difference in growers yield and income as a result of disease.

There’s no significant relationship between socio- profitable characteristics and growers perceived effectiveness of traditional drug.

Health disease have no significant effect on growers product.

Defense Of The Study

This exploration is significant in numerous ways; to the government, the growers and the public at large, in the following ways

It’ll help the government to realize the significance and effectiveness of traditional drugs and thus including the use and fashionability of traditional drugs in its planning process. It’ll help the growers especially in the pastoral areas to calculate more on the use and preference of traditional drug as it relates to availability and affordability.

Incipiently, it’ll help the general public especially those who see traditional drug as out- dated and fetish to see the applicability and effectiveness that traditional drug is having presently.