Knowledge Of The Cause And Prevention Of Anaemia In Pregnancy Among Pregnant Mothers

Knowledge Of The Cause And Prevention Of Anaemia In Pregnancy Among Pregnant Mothers

Chapter One

Preface

Background Information

Anaemia describes a situation in which there’s a reduction of haemoglobin attention in the blood of pregnant women to a position below 11g/ dl. Anaemia is one of the most common nutritive insufficiency conditions observed encyclopedically and affects further than a quarter of the world’s population( WHO CDC, 2008). Encyclopedically, anaemia affects1.62 billion people( 25), among which 56 million are pregnant women( Balarajan, 2011; WHO/ CDC, 2008). It’s estimated that41.8 of pregnant women worldwide are anaemic. At least half of this anaemia burden is assumed to be due to iron insufficiency. Iron insufficiency anaemia( IDA) is the most common nutritive complaint in the world affecting 2 billion people worldwide with pregnant women particularly at threat( WHO guideline, 2012). In developing countries, the frequence of anaemia during gestation is60.0 and about7.0 of the women are oppressively anaemic( Agan etal., 2010). In Africa57.1 of pregnant women are anaemic( de Benoist etal., 2008). Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected region, with frequence of anaemia estimated to be17.2 million among pregnant women. This constitutes to roughly 30 of total global cases( WHO, 2008). In Nigeria the frequence of anaemia among pregnant women is55.1 and amongnon-pregnant women is46.4( Ministry of Health, 2013). Anaemia during gestation is considered severe when haemoglobin attention is lower than7.0 g/ dl, moderate when the haemoglobin attention is7.0 to9.9 g/ dl, and mild when haemoglobin attention is10.0 to10.9 g/ dl( Balarajan etal., 2011; Salhan etal., 2012; Esmat etal., 2010). When the frequence of anaemia among pregnant women is40.0 or further, it’s considered as a severe public health problem( McLean etal., 2008).

Anaemia during gestation has a variety of causes and contributing factors. Iron insufficiency is the cause of 75 of anaemia cases during gestation( Balarajan etal., 2011; Haidar, 2010). contagious conditions similar as malaria, helminthes infestations and HIV are intertwined with high frequence of anaemia insub-Saharan Africa( Ouédraogo etal., 2012 and Tolentino and Friedman, 2007). Loss of appetite and inordinate vomiting in gestation and heavy menstrual inflow before gestation are also proved causes of anaemia during gestation( Noronha etal., 2010). Socio- profitable conditions, abnormal demands like multiple gravidity, teenage gravidity, motherly ignorance, severance/ underemployment, short gestation intervals, age of gravidity, primigravida and multigravida( Haniff etal., 2007; Noronha etal., 2010), smoking, inordinate alcohol consumption, are the main contributing factors of anaemia during gestation( Moosa and Zein, 2011; Esmat etal. 2010).

Anaemia during gestation is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and babies in developing countries( Akhtar and Hassan, 2012). In 2013, an estimated 289,000 women failed worldwide. Developing countries regard for 99( 286 000) of the global motherly deaths with sub- Saharan Africa region alone account for 62( 179 000). About 800 women a day are still dying from complications in gestation and parturition encyclopedically( WHOa, 2015). Anaemia contributes to 20 of all motherly deaths( WHOb, 2015). Anaemia in gestation causes low birth weight( Banhidy etal., 2011), fetal impairment and child deaths( Kalaivani, 2009). Iron insufficiency anaemia affects the development of the nation by dwindling the cognitive and motor development of children and productivity of grown-ups( Balarajan etal., 2011; Vivek etal., 2012). Deficiency of folic acid during gestation can affect in developing neural tube disfigurement that develops in embryos during the first many weeks of gestation leading to deformations of the chine, cranium, and brain( Wolff etal., 2009).

Problem Statement

In Nigeria, the frequence of anaemia among pregnant women is55.1. If the frequence of anaemia among pregnant women is40.0 or further, it’s considered as a severe public health problem( McLean etal., 2008). Anaemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and increases the pitfalls of foetal, neonatal and overall child mortality( Akhtar and Hassan, 2012). In 2013, an estimated 289,000 women failed worldwide. Developing countries regard for 99( 286 000) of the global motherly deaths with sub- Saharan Africa region alone account for 62( 179 000). About 800 women a day are still dying from complications in gestation and parturition encyclopedically( WHOa, 2015). Anaemia during gestation contributes to 20 of all motherly deaths( WHOb, 2015). According to the KDHS 2008- 09, motherly deaths increased from in 2003 to in 2008- 09 far from meeting MDG target pretensions for motherly mortality. From this information it can be estimated that the high frequence of anaemia among pregnant women in Nigeria is considered to be the main factor for motherly death.

Anaemia during gestation is also a major threat factor for low birth weight, preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction( Banhidy F etal., 2011and Haggaz etal., 2010). Deficiency in folic acid during gestation can affect in serious neural tube disfigurement( Wolff etal., 2009), heart blights and cleft lips( Wilcox etal., 2007), branch blights, and urinary tract anomalies( Goh and Koren, 2008).

Pregnant women attending prenatal conventions in Nigeria are routinely put on iron supplementation throughout their gestation. still, the frequence of anaemia among pregnant women is still high. also the available data concerning frequence and specific ethologic factors of anaemia during gestation in Nigeria are limited.

thesis

HO There are no factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women attending ANC during the alternate and third trimesters at UTUH cabin sanitarium

H1 There are factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women attending ANC during the alternate and third trimesters at UTUH cabin sanitarium

Exploration Questions

1. What’s the frequence of anaemia among pregnant women attending prenatal clinic during the alternate and third trimesters at UTUH cabin sanitarium?

2. What are the factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women attending prenatal clinic during the alternate and third trimesters at UTUH cabin sanitarium?

3. What are the causes of anaemia among pregnant women attending prenatal clinic during the alternate and third trimesters at UTUH cabin sanitarium

objects

Broad Objective

To determine frequence and factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women attending prenatal clinic during the alternate and third trimesters at UTUH cabin sanitarium, Nairobi.

Specific Objects

To determine the frequence of anaemia among pregnant women attending prenatal clinic during the alternate and third trimesters at UTUH cabin sanitarium

To identify factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women attending prenatal clinic during the alternate and third trimesters at UTUH cabin sanitarium