Problems Of Yam Production In Our Community

Problems Of Yam Production In Our Community

Abstract

The necessity for a study to ascertain the impact of fertilization on yam (Dioscorea spp.) output and the best agronomic management techniques available for maintaining yam productivity was highlighted by the declining productivity of yam in Nigeria. By conducting a study that examined the topic of yam production in Nigeria, this study addressed the aforementioned concerns. To gather information from respondents in the study area, a questionnaire was given out. Simple percentage analysis was used to analyze the data gathered from the respondents, and recommendations were given about the issues raised.

Introduction is Chapter One in the table of contents.

History of the study

listing of issues

Research problem

Goal of the Study

importance of the study

area of study

Study limitations

Term definitions

Chapter Two: Literature Review

Agricultural System for Yam

environmental condition

Cultivation

Sowing

Weeding

Staring

application of fertilizer

Harvesting

Speak Three

Methodology

Study participants

samples taken

example methods

Instrument

Method of gathering data

examination of data

Chapiter Iv

presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data

Chapiter 5

Summary, judgment, and suggestion

Summary and key conclusions

expensive labor

Discussion regarding the results

Conclusion

Recommendation

Reference

Questionnaire

Chapiter 1

Introduction

The Study’s History

A multi-species crop, yams (Dioscorea species of the family Dioscoreaceae) are significant for food, income, and sociocultural traditions. West and Central Africa are the region of the world where yams are produced and consumed the most. In the yam belt of Africa, yam is crucial to the nutritional, social, cultural, and economic well-being of the locals. In terms of nutrition, yam is a significant staple food that feeds millions of people worldwide. It can be consumed as fufu, boiled, fried, or roasted, among other ways (Aidoo, 2009). Yam makes up over 13% of the food budget for households in Ghana’s metropolitan areas (Aidoo, Ohene-Yankyera, Marfo, and Blaise, 2009). According to Chukwu and Ikwelle (2000), yam contributes around 32% of farm income to local commerce in West Africa. The crop is a significant foreign exchange earner and provides the raw ingredients for the pharmaceutical and starch industries (Amanze, Agbo, Eke-Okoro and Njoku, 2011). Yam exports are an important source of foreign exchange profits for Ghana, which is the world’s top exporter of yams (Ohene-Yankyera, Aidoo, and Ohenewa-Tawiah, 2011).

Millions of individuals can find work along the full yam production, processing, and marketing chain. Due to the volume of individuals involved and the value placed on it, the supply of yam presents opportunities for income production. Sustainable food security is significantly impacted by the marketing system, which influences both the prices paid by consumers and those paid by farmers (FAO, 2003).

Yams are members of the family Dioscoreaceae and the genus Dioscorea. Yams are dioecious plants that yield valuable tubers and bulbils (aerial tubers). Viny stems, cordate or ovate leaves, generally cylindrical tubers, and an abundance of

They are suitable for use as food since they contain carbohydrates (Mandal, 2003). According to Purseglove (2002), the growth of tubers is an evolutionary response to a dry season when leafy shoots wither and go dormant. The ancient rhizome’s thickening and lobbing gave place to a highly developed tuber system throughout the evolution of the edible Dioscoreas (Burkill, 2000). Most species produce and replenish them annually, while other species develop perpetual ones. Every season, yams are harvested as a crop and replanted using tuber fragments to revive the plant. Yams can be stored for 4-6 months in ambient tropical temperatures without significantly losing their nutritional value, unlike other tropical root and tuber crop species. Additionally, tubers are frequently dried before being ground into a stiff paste (fufu), which is well-liked in West Africa.

Africa.

The genus Dioscorea is the largest of the six genera that make up the family Dioscoreaceae. Twelve of the 600 species of Dioscorea that have been identified are edible (Coursey, 2006). Dioscorea rotundata (white yam or Guinea yam), Dioscorea alata (greater yam or water yam), Dioscorea esculenta (lesser yam or Asiatic yam), Dioscorea bulbifera (aerial yam or potato yam), and Dioscorea cayenensis (yellow yam) are edible species that are commercially available.

Dioscorea species like floribunda and composite are prized for their high steroidal saponin tuber content, which is used to make cortisone, sex hormones, and oral contraceptives (Purseglove, 2002; Applezweig, 2007). According to Coursey (2006), drug yams are still mostly a wild species. The Portuguese word ynhame, which appears in early documents and is a transcription of the word niam from the Malinke language, which is extensively spoken throughout Guinea, Sierra Leone, and the Ivory Coast, is most likely the source of the English word “yam” (Coursey, 2006).

For most people, yams have a variety of meanings. It is a crop of edible root tubers that the farmers grow in order to support themselves and their families. Over time, it has contributed to an increase in the level of living. According to the Oxford Dictionary, yams have essentially replaced potatoes as a staple cuisine in many tropical and subtropical nations of the world. Yam is among the identified botanical genes, but West Africa is also home to many other highly significant species.

The discoreal rotonlata, or white yam

the discoreal alata, or water yam

The discoreal caganesis, or yellow yam

Diminutive yam (D. bulbfery)

The three-leaf yam, or trifoliate yam (D. dumetorum),

Description Of The Problem

The need for more yam research has grown as a result of declining yam yield. Yams are a staple diet for millions of people in Africa. The average yield level is significantly below the potential level, which has been estimated (Gurnah, 1974; Martin, 1972) to be 15-20 t for dry tubers ha-1 yr-1 (equivalent to 60-75 t ha-1 yr-1 on a fresh weight basis). There are significant yield differences between individual countries (FAO, 2007), but this is true for all countries. The degradation of soil fertility, caused by nutrient depletion through leaching, erosion, and the loss of organic matter from most soils in the savannah zone of Edo State, is one key limitation that has been recognized for its role in the diminishing productivity of yams. Land appropriate for yam farming increasingly becomes more difficult to find due to growing population pressure, intensifying land usage, and declining forest cover (Carsky et al., 2001). Farmers in Edo State use slash-and-burn farming to produce yams, which puts a lot of strain on the state’s limited supply of virgin and fallow land. The main soil fertility management techniques used here are natural fallow, crop rotation with grain legumes, and mineral fertilizer. However, few farmers really use significant amounts of fertilizers and manures on yams.

The edible yams are field-scale root crops that are prepared for the tubers. They serve as a staple carbohydrate food in the yam zone of west Africa, where daily consumption is between 0.5 and 1.0 kg. Yam require a lot of labor to grow and prepare for food, and they are typically expensive to purchase for normal human consumption. In west Africa, they are typically eaten as pounded yam, which is made by pealing, cutting up, and boiling yam before pounding them in a wooden mortar to create a glutinous paste.

Therefore, the goal of this study was to gather additional quantitative data on the issue of yam production and to generate growth factors that might be applied to yam growth modeling.

Study Question

Does the lack of storage facilities have an impact on yam production?

Do market price uncertainty have an impact on yam production in Edo State?

3. Does the production of yam in Edo State suffer from a lack of excellent roads?

4. Does consumer taste pose a challenge to yam growing or production in Edo State?

5. Is the nature of the yam tuber’s limited supply a concern with yam production?

6. Does the nutritional value of yam tubers pose a production issue?

Purpose Of The Study

Researchers and students have up till now given Edo State’s yam production security attention, mostly because they are unaware of how important yam production is to the state.

The people of Edo state believe that yam cultivation in the state is only appropriate for the underprivileged and illiterate, which is one of the current issues with yam production in the state. Being illiterate is seen as a ticket to a shirt and tie job in the city.

Necessity Of The Study

Yam is renowned for its significance in human existence.

To guarantee its confinement and improved performance

to make sure that people are aware of the need of developing a favorable attitude toward yam farming in Edo State’s Oredo Local Government.

to increase yam production in our local government area of Edo State, both in terms of quantity and quality.

to better educate the public about the state’s effective modern ways of yam production.

to learn why farmers in Edo State do not grow yam on a large scale.

to determine the various conditions in Edo State favorable for yam cultivation.

The cultivation of cassava poses a threat to yam’s survival, making its survival dubious if caution is not taken.

Objectives Of The Study

The production of yam in Edo State’s Oredo Local Government Area is the focus of this product’s effort.

the difficulties in yam production in Edo State and methods for helping farmers solve those difficulties.

Term Definitions

The focus of this study’s or project’s investigation should be on the challenges and future of yam farming in Edo State. Edogbo Oregbani and Asoro are two examples of the state’s chosen villages, although this is owing to the complexity of the villages in Edo State.