Studies On Some Biological And Physicochemical Parameters Of Rock Pool Habitats Of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Studies On Some Biological And Physicochemical Parameters Of Rock Pool Habitats Of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

Entomological checks were conducted to determine the natural and physicochemical parameters impacting mosquito parentage in gemstone pools on inselbergs in Kaduna State. Available gemstone pools were searched on the inselbergs fortnightly between June and October, 2013 in 21 agreements distributed in 7 Original GovernmentAreas.This covered theState foliage from the Guinea Savanna toSudanSavanna.A aggregate of 368 gemstone pools were tried for mosquito larvaeusing haze spoon scoop(0.105 L) from 269(69.7) gemstone pools harbouring mosquito naiads . Biological( microinvertebrates, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, algae and invertebrates) and physicochemical( depth, face area, distances to touching pools, temperature, pH, total dissolve solid, electrical conductivity, total suspended solid, turbidity, hardness, dissolve oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, phosphate, nitrate and alkalinity) parameters of the pools were determined. Polymerase Chain response was used for the identification of mosquito species of Anophelesgambiaes.s. Of the 31,726 mosquito naiads collected, thirteen species in three mosquito rubrics( Aedes, Anopheles and Culex) including Ae. vittatus(95.71), An. arabiensis(0.01), An. gambiaes.s.(0.1), An. longipalpis(0.0), An. pretoriensis(0.0), An. rufipes(0.02), Cx. albiventris(0.84), Cx. horridus(0.33) Cx. macfiei(0.76), Cx. perfidiosus(1.65), Cx. pipiens pipiens(0.44), Cx. simpsoni(0.0) and Cx. tigripes(0.0) bred in gemstone pools. Aedes vittatuswas the most dominant mosquito encountered in all the 21 slice locales. PCR – grounded assay revealed41.6 modification of the An. gambiaecomplex sample with38.9 populations belonging toAn.gambiaes.s. whilst the remaining2.6 were An. arabiensis. Up to58.4 of the An. gambiae complex couldn’t be linked through PCR indeed after three runs. ANOVA showed that the cornucopia of mosquito larvaediffered significantlywith pH of the gemstone pools( p<0.05). largely significant difference was between the cornucopia of mosquito naiads and total dissolve solid, electrical conductivity and alkalinity of the gemstone pools( p<0.001). The cornucopia of mosquito naiads didn’t differ significantly with depth, face area, total suspended solid, hardness and turbidity of the gemstone pools( p>0.05). star element Analysis showed that temperature, electrical conductivity and aggregate dissolve solids were consummate for mosquito parentage in gemstone pool territories. Low positive correlation( r = 0.394) was between dissolve oxygen and cornucopia of mosquito naiads ( p<0.001). Strong positive correlation( r = 1.000) live between biochemical oxygen demand and the cornucopia of mosquito naiads ( p<0.005). Nitrate( r = 0.047) and chemical oxygen demand had low positive correlation( r = 0.029) with mosquito cornucopia. Strong positive correlation( r) was between macroinvertebrate and mosquito cornucopia( p<0.001) while microinvertebrates identified negatively( r) with the cornucopia of mosquito naiads ( p<0.05) in gemstonepools.Chlorophytes had wide circumstance while Microcystisspp. had the loftiest chance positivity, being the only cyanophyte associated with mosquito naiads ( p<0.05) in gemstone pools. Chlorophytum laxumwas predominant amongst other submarine macrophytes set up with mosquito naiads in gemstone pools. Epidemiologically, the mosquito species encountered are implicit vectors of mortal and beast conditions, hence gemstone pools should be audited to incriminate vectors and be incorporated in mosquito control strategies.

Preface

Mosquitoes are presumably the most notoriously undesirable arthropods with respect to their capability to transmit pathogens that beget mortal disesases similar as malaria, dengue, unheroic fever, filariasis, viral encephalitides and other deadly conditions. In several corridor of the world, the circular effect of malaria and other mosquito- borne conditions reckoned for further deaths as well as reduced product following work losses( Rueda, 2008). Emergence of new vector- borne complaint realities and the rejuvenescence of old bones are caused by several factors, which are ecological changes that increase vector consistence, similar as climate, impunity status of humans, mortal and implicit vector population consistence and the presence of suitable force amongst others( Adebote etal., 2006). The increase in profitable conditioning, tourism and mortal migration have led to further cases of the movement of both complaint vectors and the pathogens they carry thereby adding the biodiversity of mosquitoes around the world( Manguin and Boete, 2010). Diversity of mosquito parentage terrain stems from ingrain preferences shown by different taxa to the locales and conditions of colorful submarine territories( Adebote etal., 2008). Oviposition preferences of adult ladies and the capability of immature stages of mosquitoes to acclimatize to both biotic and abiotic environmental conditions of a given submarine niche determine the cornucopia and distribution of immature mosquitoes( Dejenie etal., 2002). Mosquitoes have different habits that allow them to populate different kinds of surroundings. The immature stages of mosquito are therefore set up in a variety of submarine territories including ponds, aqueducts, dikes, wetlands, morasses, temporary and endless pools, gemstone holes, tree holes, grouser holes, lake perimeters, factory holders( leaves, fruits, cocoons, tree holes, bamboo internodes), artificial holders( tyres, drum barrels, flower vases, raspberry affluents), and other territories( Rueda, 2008). They can thrive in a variety of water conditions similar as brackish, brackish water and or any water quality( clear, cloudy or weakened), except in marine territories with high– swab attention. Part of the problems militating against effective and sustained control of mosquitoes and the conditions transmitted by them is the overt advantages available to mosquitoes to strain in different submarine media that are naturally being and or the creation of mortal conditioning.