Studies On The Role Of Housefly (Musca domestica) In The Transmission Of Medically Important Parasites
Abstract
Houseflies are the stylish known and most extensively distributed insects counting for 90 of all canvases in mortal habitation. A study was accepted on Parasitic Fauna from the housefly Musca domestica( L) across the University of Agriculture Makurdi Community. A aggregate of 1,309 houseflies were collected using fresh fish as bait and the knockdown system, from three different points and were examined for Parasitic Faunas using normal saline attention fashion. The loftiest cover cornucopia recorded was 613(46.81) from the scholars vill, while the least recorded was 216(16.50) houseflies from the staff diggings. Nine spongers were insulated from the external body shells of the canvases with the following frequence of infestation in their external shells independently; Ascari slumbricoides 15(23.44), Entamoeba histolytica 19(29.69), Taeniasolium 9(14.06), Taeniasaginata 7(10.94), Schistosoma mansoni 5(7.81), Enterobius vermicularis 5(7.81), Hymenolepis nana 5(7.81), Schistosoma haematobium 2(3.13) Trichuris trichiura 1(1.56) and the frequentness from three slice spots were(16.50) for the Staff diggings,(36.67) for the womanish hotel and(46.81) for the Student’s vill. Housefly was set up to be a implicit mechanical carrier of parasitic infections and significantly contribute to the spread of food borne parasitic conditions, since this study detected the presence of nine spongers in canvases ’ exoskeleton and thus its part in complaint transmission can not be over emphasized.
Chapter One
Preface
Background Information
The housefly Muscado mestica is a cover of the order Diptera, it’s the most common of all domestic canvases , counting for about 91 of family Muscidae and indeed one of the most extensively spread insects set up each over the world( Jeffrey etal., 2000). It’s considered a pest that can carry pathogens responsible for conditions( Scott etal., 2014). Houseflies MuscadomesticaL. are ubiquitous( set up far and wide) and transmit further than 100 mortal and beast conditions, including bacterial infections similar as salmonellosis, anthrasophthalmia, shigellosis, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, cholera and immature diarrhea( Jeffrey etal., 2000). It’s considered one of the most important pests which beget health problems in the terrain as it accompanies mortal during their diurnal exertion far and wide, on work point or in rest places causing numerous disturbances to them( Howard, 2011).
Houseflies are of mortal and veterinary concern, because it acts as a mechanical vector for a range of pathogens( Peter and Chiodui, 1997). An nearly unnoticeable fleck of feces in the terrain may contain the eggs or naiads that can develop farther and transmit to near humans( Graczyk etal., 2001).
It has been reported by nonsupervisory agencies concerned with sanitation that and public health that housefly are associated with unsanitary condition and involved in dispersion of mortal enteropathogens that serve as causative agents of gastro- intestinal conditions to humans, grounded on strong magnet of smut and mortal food( Otronto and Tarsitano, 2003). The unprintable parentage habit, feeding medium and magpie trip between smut and food make houseflies as an effective vector and transmitters of mortal enteric protozoan and helminth spongers similar as excrescencies of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Giardia intestinalis and oocyts of Toxoplasma gondii, Isospora spp and Egg or naiads of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuria( Graczyk etal., 2001).
The transmission of these mortal protozoan and helminth spongers by houseflies is generally mechanical, which occurs through mechanical dislodgement from external body, fecal deposit and regurgitation( Graczyk etal., 2005). Since houseflies feed on polluted substances similar as mortal and beast excreta, foam, excretion from crack, the canvases can carry pathogens from their spongy mouth corridor, body and leg hairs, which is directly transmitted to the coming visited pointe.g. mortal food( Manzon and Sanchoz, 1997).
Canvases also transmit pathogens responsible for eye conditions similar as trachoma and epidemic conjunctivitis and infect injuries or skin with conditions similar as cutaneous diphtheria, mycoses, yaws and leprosy( Westley etal., 2014).
House canvases are always set up in association with humans and mortal conditioning( Timothy etal., 2014). They’re also one of the most serious pests with beast product installations worldwide( Timothy etal., 2014). Insecticide has been used considerably for controlling house canvases for a century and this pest has shown a remarkable capability to fleetly evolve resistance( Timothy etal., 2014).
Despite the mindfulness of numerous about the troubles posed by houseflies, the incapability to maintain a good sanitation leads to an increase in the population of houseflies, especially in warm tropical countries. In Makurdi, in general and Federal University of Agriculture in particular, poor sanitation is getting a problem. magpie garbage jilting, little or no care of restroom installations and drainage systems coupled with indecorous running of food are daily on the increase. Hence, the end of this study is to identify the Parasitic Fauna set up on houseflies Muscadomestica across the Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi Benue States ’ Community. In order to assess the dominant type of transmittable contagious agents present in the community.
Compass of the Study
The Community of Federal University of Agriculture Markudi Benue state Nigeria has been chosen for this study because it’s one of the communities with high population of house canvases .
Significance of the Study
This study on the parasitic fauna from the house fly Musca domestica across the University of Agriculture community Benue state Nigeria will suggest possible control in preventative measures against house canvases as vectors of parasitic fauna in the area of study.
Aim and Objects of the Study
The end of this study was to identify the Parasitic Fauna on Houseflies across the University Community. While specific ideal included
To identify the Parasitic Fauna on the housefly across the University of Agriculture Makurdi Community.
To determine the cornucopia of houseflies in the University Community
To ascertain the implicit threat factors associated with the linked houseflies in this Community.
To determine the environmental factors that favour;
The cornucopia of houseflies in the University Community
The parentage of houseflies in the University Community.
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