The Impact Of Ritualism On National Security

The Impact Of Ritualism On National Security

Chapter One

Preface

Background of the Study

Security enterprises are taken seriously each across the world. It’s conceded as one of the most abecedarian tasks of a state. Security has historically been a element of mortal life and food, and it can be described as freedom from pitfalls or violence that could affect in the loss of lives or property. In other words, security refers to a script in which citizens are shielded against pitfalls to their lives and livelihoods, similar as fleshly detriment, complaint, severance, and mortal rights violations, anyhow of where they’re in a autonomous nation. A country can not develop unless it first workshop for mortal security( Otto & Ikpere 2013). therefore, in transnational relations, the absence of security in a state gives rise to sundries similar as failed countries, failing countries, and collapsed countries. It might be claimed that an insecure state loses legality in the eyes of its citizens and foreign community.

Unexpectedly, Nigeria, generally honored as Africa’s” mammoth,” has endured unequaled situations of instability as a result of bandit associations, kidnappers, cutthroats, seccessionist groups, fortified thievery attacks, hijacking , and, more lately, the rise of ritual killers. A ritual is a series of patterns or procedures and directions for carrying out religious deeds or rituals( Shujaa 2009). He went on to say that ritual killings are a violent and extreme kind of felonious homicide in which the executioners remove pivotal organs from the victim for use in” holy” solemnities involving mortal immolation. This entails giving up commodity precious in exchange for commodity more precious( Ayegboyin 2009). mortal immolation is a blood immolation that involves the payoff of a living critter as a ritual immolation to a god or spirit, generally in the stopgap of entering a return in the form of good fortune, whether generalized or as the fulfillment of a specific prayer( La Fontaine 2011). The cranium, genitals, guts, eyeballs, intestine, arms, and legs, as well as an shoveled dead body or its dismembered corridor, are some of the objects of immolation for this form. Ritual immolation is a” faith system” for acquiring plutocrat, fortune, success, celebrity, favor, majesty, power, and protection from threats.

Statement of the problem

In Nigeria, the circumstance of ritual killings has created a sense of instability and mistrust among individualities. A sense of instability pervades a setting where ritual killings do on a regular base. Hundreds of Nigerians have failed as a result of ritual killers, occasionally known as” Head nimrods,” according to Nwakanma and Abu( 2020). The ritual killers bat around looking for mortal corridor similar as heads, guts, speeches, and coitus organs, which are demanded by witch croakers , jinx preachers, traditional drug men and women, and/ or occultists for dubious offerings or the manufacture of colorful magical sections( Igwe, 2010). In moment’s Nigeria, ritual payoff has taken on a whole new meaning. The scene has been dubbed the” Reign of the Ritualists” by numerous publications( Elesho 2004). Ritual killings, according to Salisbury( 2012), are seen as acts of spiritual bastion by those who engage in them. The application of mortal body corridor for remedial purposes, as well as the idea that mortal body corridor hold supernatural rates that give substance and protection, are all provocations for these acts. numerous youthful people still believe, according to Igwe( 2010), that charms and ritual immolations can spiritually strengthen them, ameliorate their fortunes in business and during choices, or cover them from damage, complaint, poverty, accident, death, or destruction. These beliefs have been linked to some youths engaging in ritual murders in order to conciliate divinities, ask for supernatural favors, shield off mischance, or produce magical wealth, putting their moral growth at threat.

Bizarrely, the ritualists always go scott free without being arresting by the security agents. This puts the citizens at a constant feeling of anxiety and instability. Lack of trust among individualities indeed among close cousins is heightened by the prevalence of ritual killings. Cousins sweat each other because of lack of trust which is as a result of ritual payoff. In such a case, the children are confined from going to some areas which is viewed as a den for ritualists. Accordingly, these challenge have made security a vital issue that has crowned into public concern owing that no serious measures has been taken by the government towards putting an end to this anomie. More so, is the fact that people can no longer go about their conditioning due to fear of their lives all of which has baffled the propensity of the country for socio-artistic tranquility. thus it’s against this background that this study seeks to examine the impact of ritualism on public security.

Ideal Of The Study

The broad ideal of this study is to examine impact of ritualism on public security. Specifically, the study seeks

To ascertain the reason of youth engagement in ritualism.

To probe factors that leads to youth involvement in ritualism.

To whether youth involvement in ritualism undermine the social tranquility of the society.

To determine if ritualism will have any significant effect on public security.

Exploration Thesis

HO1 Youth involvement in ritualism doesn’t undermine the social tranquility of the society.

H1 Youth involvement in ritualism undermines the social tranquility of the society.

HO2 Ritualism doesn’t have any significant effect on public security.

HI Ritualism has a significant effect on public security.

Significance of the study

The result of the study will be of applicability to policy makers, Nigeria Youths and religious bodies. To policy makers, findings of the study will enlighten policy makers on the need to establish guiding principles to dock ritual payoff and establish discipline for those caught in this devilish act. To government, the study will also emphasize on the need to introduce poverty relief program, employment openings and support of entrepreneur as this will go a long way in reducing felonious geste among unemployed youths. further the study will emphasize the need for to consolidate tutoring of moral education in seminaries, universities and as well encourage preceptors speakers that educate moral education to be part model for our youths among others as this will reduce the rate of ritualism in Nigeria. Empirically, the study will add to the body of being literature on ritualism as serve as reference material to scholars and pupil who wishes to conduct farther studies in affiliated field.

Compass Of The Study

The compass of this study borders on the impact of ritual killings on sociocultural deterioration in Nigeria. The study will further bandy the nature and purpose for ritual killings eternalized by Nigeria Youth. It’ll probe if youths ’ involvement in ritualism contributes to loss of social tranquility in society and if high rate of ritualism contributes to public instability. The study is still demarcated to Asaba megalopolis in Delta State Nigeria.

Limitation of the Study

Like in every mortal bid, the experimenters encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. The significant constraint was the deficiency of literature on recrimination of ritualism on sociocultural deterioration. converse. therefore important time and association was needed in sourcing for the applicable accoutrements , literature, or information and in the process of data collection. Also the study is limited in period as the study covered only South- South region with reference to Asaba megalopolis, Delta State. thus findings of this study can not be used for conception for other regions or State which creates a gap for farther studies.

Description Of Terms

Ritualism Also known as Ritual killings is a violent and extreme type of felonious homicide in which vital organs of the victim are gutted by the executioners for use in “ sacred ” solemnities.

Instability instability entails lack of protection from crime( being unsafe) and lack of freedom from cerebral detriment( vulnerable from emotional stress performing from deficit of assurance that an existent is accepted, has occasion and choices to fulfill his or her own capabilities including freedom from fear.

National Security National security or public defence is the security and defence of a nation state, including its citizens, frugality, and institutions, which is regarded as a duty of government

Reference

Aiyetan,D.( 2003, December 29). Reign of the Ritualists. Tell,p. 25

Ayegboyin, Deji.( 2009). “ mortal Ritual, ” in Encyclopaedia of African Religion edited by Molefi Kete Asante and Ama Mazama. California Sage Publications, Int.

Elesho,R.a.( 2004, August 23). bloody Rituals. The News,p. 18.

Igwe, L( 2004), Ritual Killing and Pseudoscience in Nigeria. Skeptical missions. Volume 14( 2). penetrated 29th January 2015 at3.59 pm

Igwe, L( 2010), Ritual payoff and mortal immolation in Africa. transnational Humanist and Ethical Union. African Commission on Human and People’s rights 48th Session November 10- 24, Banjul, The Gambia.

La Fontaine, Jean. 2011. “ Ritual Murder? ” Interventions Occasional Paper Series# 3, Open Anthropology Cooperative Press.

Nwakanma, Emmanuel & Abu, Owapiriba.( 2020). Cultural Issues In Violence Against Women And Ritual Killings In Nigeria Assessing The Counteraccusations For Sustainable Development. 18. 15447- 15457.

Otto,G., & Ukpere,U.I.( 2012). “ National Security and Development in Nigeria ”. African Journal Business Management 6( 23), 6765- 6770.

SalisburyM.( 2012). “ mortal Immolation in Nigeria ” in Encyclopaedia of Psychology and Religion, edited by DavidA. Leeming, Springer Science Business Media LLC.

Shujaa, MwalimuJ. 2009. “ Rituals, ” in Encyclopaedia of African Religion edited by Molefi Kete Asante and Ama Mazama. California Sage Publications, Int.