The Use Of Remote Sensing And Geographic Information System In Land Use Management

The Use Of Remote Sensing And Geographic Information System In Land Use Management

Abstract

The purpose of this exploration is to apply Remote Sensing and Civilians in land use operation of Greater Karu Urban Area, Nasarawa State. Specific objects are to; produce land use/ cover chart of the study area from 1972 to 2012, determine the rate and magnitude of change, determine the felicity of the land for different uses and determine the extent of encroachment into the approved reversal areas. Landsat MSS, TM, ETM and Spot- 5 satellite imagery of 1972, 1987, 2000 and 2012 were used. A supervised bracket approach using ILWIS3.3 interpretation was also used. Six orders of land use/ cover types were generated as follow erected up areas, water bodies, agrarian land, foliage, gemstone out crops and bare shells. Euclidean distance and weighted overlay from spatial critic tool of ArcGIS9.3 software was used for the felicity analysis usingMulti-Criteria Decision Analysis and Analytical Hierarchical Process. The guidelines in line with Land Use Act Cap 202 of 1990 and the Nigeria Urban and Regional planning Act of 1990 to cover and control all developments approved lapses was espoused. Results from the analysis revealed the Increase in erected up area redounded to changes in other land use/ cover orders between 1972 and 2012 as follow natural foliage has drastically decline from68.9 to52.9 between 1972 and 1987. It further decline from34.3 to25.4 between 1997 and 2012. Agrarian land substantiations an increase from8.7 to19.1 between 1972 and 1987. later, decreases from25.9 to15.2 between 1997 and 2012. Bare shells substantiation an increase from7.8 to9.1 between 1972 and 1987. farther drop from12.2 to11.6 was observed between 1997 and 2012. Rock outcrops increases from2.9 to3.0 between 1972 and 1987. farther increase was endured from3.0 to3.1 between 1997 and 2012 Water bodies covers10.6 in 1972 and drop to6.1 1987 before adding to7.7 in 1997 and posterior drop by5.8 in 2012. The most dramatic increase endured in erected- up area is shown from 1990 to 2012, coinciding with the relocation of the FCT from Lagos to Abuja in 1991. This result to erratic development and encroachment of erected up areas into the approved reversal of road network and water bodies are as follow trace;2.5468 Sqkm, original distributors1.305 Sqkm, access roads thoroughfares;1.345 Sqkm gutters, 48Sqkm. It therefore recommends the Nasarawa State Government and itineraries to use the final felicity maps for conversations and decision making in development of the area. At the absent of that, the final felicity chart is recommended to guide development in the area.

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Land is the foundation of all forms of mortal exertion. From it humans gain the food, sanctum and the space to work and relax. Land is amongst man ‟ s most precious coffers. It’s a means of life on which our continued actuality and progress depends( Dale, Peter and John, 1988). Land is man ‟ s most precious resource. It’s the means of life without which he could noway have was and on which his continued and progress depend. Land is a term with numerous meanings. To the physical geographer it’s a geography produced from natural processes, the product of geological and geomorphologic process. To the economist it’s a resource which along with capital and labour is to be exploited in order to achieve profitable product and development or conserved to guarantee unborn biodiversity. To the counsel land is a volume of space stretching notionally from the centre of the earth to the horizonless in the sky, and associated with it are a variety of rights which determine what may be done with it. To numerous it’s simply the space for mortal conditioning as reflected in the numerous different forms of land use.

FAO( 1976) defined land as a delineable area of the earth ‟ s terrestrial face, involving all attributes of the biosphere incontinently above or below this face, including those of the near- face climate, the soil, the terrain forms, the face hydrology( including shallow lakes, gutters, morasses, and wetlands) and associated ground water and geo- hydrological reserve, the factory and beast populations, the mortal agreement pattern and physical results of history and present mortal exertion. Land comprises the physical terrain of the earth ‟ s face from soils, geomorphology and underpinning geology, hydrology, factory and beast population and foliage, with their influence on implicit land use( Harcombe, 2010).

Land is needed for colorful uses in both the civic and pastoral areas. It’s a major factor of product and a vital element in the socio- profitable development of any country( Dent and Young, 1981). Studies have emphasized that the quality of land is an important factor for colorful land uses, therefore as nations grow in size and pastoral areas come civic centers and civic centers come large metropolitan areas, there’s always increase in competition and demand of land for different purposes. This requires acceptable operation to insure harmonious development and functional effectiveness of these uses( Sodeinde, 2002). mortal use of land has been proved to alter the structure and functioning of the ecosystem. The most spatially and economically important mortal use of land encyclopedically include civilization, construction, reserves, defended lands and timber birth. lately agreements are getting large active land use changes especially in the developing regions of the world. This calls for effective land use operation( Amos, 1986).

The need for thoughtful and careful stewardship of the land, together with the further ferocious use and operation of its coffers has surfaced as a matter of major global concern due to the rapid-fire growth of population that have caused adding pressure on land, while contemporaneously a massive migration of people to metropolises and municipalities has led to the unbridled growth of civic centers( Dele etal., 1988). Land use operation as bandied extensively by Mabogunje( 1992); Durand- Lasserve( 1990) and Kombe( 1995) is conceived as processes involving different stakeholders in planning, facilitation and controlling land use and posterior conditioning in view of sustainable development.

Land use operation entails decision timber and the perpetration of opinions about land. Land use operation involves making abecedarian policy opinions about the nature and extent of investment. The compass of land use operation involves private and public sectors who develop and make use of land; law which sets out rules and procedures in the operation system; agencies which make opinions on how land may be used at colorful situations of government; plans which inform opinions on how land may be used( horses and Kudrat, 1998). The content of land use operation can be described in terms of three value sets( ecological, social and request values) that must be brought into balance by land planning( Sui, 1992). The analysis of land characteristics in identification of land suitable for development can play an essential part in the planning process. Among the numerous enterprises of civic itineraries in guiding the spatial arrangement of conditioning is the optimum application of land for the benefit of society( Shuaib, 2005). This involves making choices between available druthers and as similar it requires a procedure for the analysis of available druthers . Alternatives for development generally start though not inescapably with consideration for buildable land. “ i.e. land on which if developments are installed would not have mischievous or adverse goods on the terrain ”. The process of relating similar land is the assessment of the fitness of tracks of land for development. Land felicity analysis requires integration of several data sets to model land use conditions and the characteristics of the land for the druthers ( Shuaib, 2005).

nearly all African countries have a history of land use operation processes dating back to their separate ages of social rule. still, formal land use operation in Nigeria began in 1863 with the enactment of the Town Improvement Ordinance by the social Government. The constitution was meant to control development and civic sanitation in Lagos, also the Federal Capital of Nigeria. still, ultramodern land use operation could be said to begin in the country in 1946 when the Nigerian city and Country constitution was legislated( Mabogunje, 1992). The general inefficiency associated with maturity of the developing countries land programs, the absence of secure term, and shy land use operation capacity have been cited by Bernstein( 1994), Hardoy and Satterthwaite( 2001) as serious problems pouring being land use heads in Nigeria. In recent times, the frequently-destructive impact of mortal exertion on the land has led to the global need for more careful operation of land use and natural coffers at sustainable position.

A number of programs that bump on civic land use operation has been articulated and enforced in Nigeria. These include the Land use Act of 1978, Urban Development Policy of 1992, Urban and Regional Planning Act as well as the casing and Urban Development Policy of 2002. also, land use planning and control measures have been introduced to ameliorate civic land use planning and civic development( Aribigbola, 2008). Despite the actuality of these laws and programs, land use operation problems still persist in Karu area of Nasarawa State. Accordingly, there’s the need for a better understanding of the problems and also to articulate how to ameliorate the being ineffective land use operation styles in the area. In evaluation of land use operation, felicity plays a abecedarian part in indigenous land- use planning. Its major ideal is to estimate the advantages and disadvantages of development in certain areas, so as to find out places which are most suitable for certain land use development in the future. In the field of felicity assessment for land use operation, Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing and numerical modeling ways have been proved to be effective tools by recent studies( Ahmed etal., 2000).

Civilians is an important tool in land use operation. The demands of the different stakeholders is anatomized, imaged and presented to support decision- timber. One of the most generally used styles for land- use decision timber is spatial Multi Criteria Decision Analysis( MCDA). This system combines all the spatial factors that are important and results in a chart with the stylish position for a certain type of land- use. Most frequently with MCDA, the thing is to find the most suitable position for domestic, marketable, agrarian and artificial use. In addition, being Spatial Decision Support Systems( SDSS) which are decision timber tools that make use of spatial MCDA frequently concentrate on a specific type of land- use, for illustration civic development. When applying land- use felicity on an area, it should contain not only civic development, but also agrarian land- uses. It’s against this background that this exploration is formulated to use remote seeing and Civilians that integrates land- use felicity, covering all applicable land- use orders( civic and husbandry) in land use operation of Greater Karu Urban Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.