The Use Of Geographic Information System In Landfill Sites Selection

The Use Of Geographic Information System In Landfill Sites Selection

Abstract

This study identifies suitable spots applicable for solid waste tip in the vicinity of Jos- North using Remote Sensing and of Geographic Information Systems( Civilians). Remote Sensing was used for generating a landuse chart of the study area and Civilians was used in integrating colorful layers of information, virtually having the same spatial reference, to produce a felicity chart for solid waste tip . The task needed a number of multiple criteria, and each having some position of significance. In order to accommodate the significant part of each criteria, the Multicriteria Decision Analysis( MCDA), particularly Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP) was employed. For this purpose, nine( 9) input chart layers including agreements, roads, washes, pitch, geology, soil, landuse, floodplains, and face water were prepared and used as constraint criteria for determining felicity. Weighted overlay tool in ArcGIS9.3 was used for the final felicity chart, and it yielded amenable results. Out of 291km2 of the entire study area,20.8 km2 was set up to be suitable for siting sustainable tip . The chart layers related with geology, hydrogeology, and land use are grounded on available data. Because they aren’t specifically prepared for tip point selection purpose, the information handed from these charts weren’t relatively satisfactory. It’s understood that rather than general purpose lithological chart, the charts showing distribution, consistence, and characteristics of the loose superficial deposits are more helpful. therefore, for tip siting studies, special purpose engineering geological and hydrogeological charts are needed. The pitch subcaste needs to be meliorated to count those areas along the crests and the hill covers.

Background To The Study

Solid waste operation is an important element in public health and environmental protection( Yesilnacar & Cetin, 2005). Its main purpose is to give aseptic, effective and profitable collection, transportation, treatment and/ or disposal of solid wastes without contaminating the atmosphere, soil or water coffers, and the operation strategy should address the issue of aesthetic( UNDP, 1997).

The growth in external solid waste generation the world over has been reported to be a consequence of urbanization, industrialization, and population growth, together with bettered living standard( Rao, Brinda, & Harikrihna, 2007). It’s estimated that the United Kingdom produces 35 million tonnes of external solid waste annually( Koshy, Emma, Sarah, Tim & Kelly, 2007) and in the United States of America, further than 140 million tonnes of external waste is generated annually, while Japan and Germany generates50.2 million and43.5 million tonnes independently, in 1993( Sakai, etal., 1996).

The situation in Africa is analogous to other corridor of the world. Nigeria with a population growth rate of about2.8 per annum and an civic growth rate of about5.5 per annum( Imam, Mohammed, Wilson & Cheeseman, 2008) generates about 20 kg of Solid waste per capita every time( Olaleye & Sangodina, 2000). Also, solid waste generated by an average Nigerian per day is estimated to be around0.49 kg while marketable centres and homes contribute nearly 90 of the total waste set up in civic centres( Solomon, 2009).

According to a United Nations Development Programme check of 151 metropolises from around the world, the alternate most serious problem that megacity residers face( after severance) is inadequate solid waste disposal( UNDP, 1997). therefore, a duly sustainable waste operation practice is largely demanded to handle the situation.

In developed countries, the issue of solid waste is duly handled through the effective operation process of waste reduction, exercise, reclaim and proper disposal. still, in developing countries, external solid waste operation system is either not effective or still at the rudimentary stage and as similar solid waste generated has come a trouble to the terrain( Solomon, 2009). For case, in Jos North, waste is generally ditched inside acequias and gutters, and at the on- set of raining season flood tide becomes a common scene in the megacity of Jos( Wuyep, 2011). As for jilting waste in the River Dilimi, a major drainage of the Jos- table, Abdullahi( 2008) reveals the presence of heavy essence in vegetables crops planted along the swash, as beyond the limit of exposure quested by WHO and attributes this to waste ditched into the swash in addition to run- off of toxin from ranch lands. therefore proper disposal of waste is urgently demanded to achieve sustainable waste operation.

According to Rao, etal.,( 2007) to achieve a sustainable solid waste operation system, programs and ways similar as waste recycling, exercise, waste reduction, thermal treatment, landfilling etc, must be in place. Out of these ways, landfilling is the most common system espoused in numerous countries( Yesilnacar & Cetin, 2005). tip is a system for solid waste disposal onto or into land, taking social, profitable and environmental matters into account( Rao, etal., 2007). Aseptic landfilling is the fashion of disposing of garbage on land creating no nuisance or peril to public health or safety by applying the principles of engineering to circumscribe the garbage within a lowest practical volume and to cover it with a subcaste of earth at further frequent ages as may be needed(UN-HABITAT, 2010).

In Nigeria, open or unbridled jilting is largely used as waste disposal system but the benefit of aseptic tip over the Open jilting styles can not be overemphasized because it’s pollution-free thereby barring any health or environmental threat that may affect from solid waste disposal(UN-HABITAT, 2010). still, external tip siting is getting decreasingly delicate considering that closeness of point to domestic area, swash, water channel or other fragile ecosystem could lead to adverse environmental pollution and declination as well as health hazards(UN-HABITAT, 2010). According to Sakai etal.( 1996) a duly designed and wellmanaged tip can be aseptic and fairly affordable while a inadequately designed or inadequately managed tip can produce a number of environmental problems similar as ground water impurity, wind- blown litters, and magnet of vermin in addition to unbridled emigration of tip feasts similar as methane. similar problems have redounded into thenon-acceptance of tips by communities( Yesilnacar & Centin, 2005).

thus, to cover the ecosystem from being disturbed and to insure healthy terrain for the survival of man, it becomes necessary to precisely detect tips on environmentally suitable locales( Sakai etal., 1996). Selection of spots for tip involves an expansive evaluation process in order to identify the optimal available disposal position. This position must satisfy introductory government regulations, and also take into cognizance how to minimize important factors like health, profitable, environmental and social cost( Siddiqui etal., 1996). In fact, different experimenters have used varying criteria for point selection purposes due substantially to the fact that different criteria apply to different regions( Stinnette, 1996; Sadek & Fadel, 2006).

It’s apparent that, numerous factors must be incorporated into tip siting opinions and Geographic Information System( Civilians) together with Remote Sensing is ideal for this kind of primary studies due to their capability to manage large volumes of spatial data from a variety of sources. Civilians is virtually effective in storing, reacquiring and assaying, and also displays information according to stoner defined specifications( Siddiqui etal., 1996). According to Kao & Lin( 1996) large quantum of spatial data can be reused using Civilians and therefore, it potentially saves time that would typically be spent in opting an applicable point using primer processing approach.

Multicriteria Decision Analysis( MCDA) can be used to deal with the difficulties that decision- makers encounter in handling large quantities of complex information. The principle of the system is to divide the decision problems into lower more accessible corridor, dissect each part independently and also integrate the corridor in a logical manner( Malczewski, 1997).

The integration of Civilians and MCDA provides a reliabl e platform for working the tip point selection problem, because Civilians provides effective manipulation and donation of the data and MCDA inventories harmonious ranking of the implicit tip areas grounded on a variety of criteria. Hence the need for this study to apply Civilians in the selection of suitable tip spots for sustainable waste operation in Jos North Local Government Area( LGA) of Plateau State.