Cadastral Mapping Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information System

Cadastral Mapping Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information System

Abstract

Banjiram is one of the communities resettled in the time 1980 to make room for the construction of Kiri levee to supply the Savannah Sugar Company with water for Irrigation. As part of the resettlement program, the Federal Government also, cleared and surveyed an indispensable position( now New Banjiram). A cadastral check was carried out and plots were physically delineated on the ground with lights at the corners of each plot. Land right were orally transmitted and the substantiation of similar land rights has been grounded on the knowledge of community elders and vill chiefs. With adding population and consequent competition for land, there has been prevailing term instability with its associated conflicts and actions over land power. One of the most important documents paper- grounded cadastral layout of the area containing delineated parcels has been lying the press of the Adamawa state Ministry of Lands and Survey in a decaying state. This exploration is aimed at carrying out a cadastral mapping of Banjirm using Remote seeing and Civilians with a view to developing digital cadastral Information System which has the capability to integrate the chart and the record of power and use. To achieve this, the cadastral layout of the study area was scrutinized and georeferenced in ArcGIS10.1. Parcels were also digitally delineated( digitized) and given unique identification figures. To gain the textual element of the cadastre( land power and use information), a fieldwork was carried out to determine the being land rights through a participatory process of adjudication. The adjudication involved visits to each parcel by a platoon comprising the experimenter, a representative of the traditional heads and member of the Land possessors union. To ease the process, a ever- tasted imagery( Google Earth image) upon which the digitized parcels with unique figures was overlaid was presented to land possessors and substantiations( touching land possessors) to visually identify their parcels and present their claims. A questionnaire( adjudication form) was used to record information on land possessors and their parcels. A digital camera was also used to capture the passport snap of each land proprietor. After the fieldwork, a cadastral database( containing the digital record of land possessors and their parcels) was also designed and erected using the information gathered. Analysis and testing of the effectiveness of the database was also performed and a variety of results were generated. Major findings of this exploration include( i) there were 1278 parcel with 1166 proprietor;( ii) about 1086(84.977) parcels were allocated while192(15.023) parcels weren’t allocated;( iii) there were 865(67.762) parcels that were developed while 413(32.238) parcels weren’t developed;( iv) out of the 1278 parcels 758(31.91) were set up to be used for domestic purpose; 32(20.016) for institutional purpose; 11(2.431) for marketable purpose; 158(14.2) for agrarian purpose and 301(31.408) for mixed uses.

Background To The Study

Land is a great resource and indeed, the backbone of wealth in numerous communities, whether civic or pastoral. People have depended on land for food, sanctum, employment, resource, artistic and religious requirements. Land is the foundation of all mortal exertion. The relationship of people to land is abecedarian to mortal actuality( United Nations Economic Commission for Europe( UNECE), 2005). Issues of land have been linked to be a cause of civil and transnational wars and indeed genocide( Bell, 2011). Conflicts over power, land heists, social discord, reductions in yields, lowered food security, weak land requests and negative impacts on the terrain are associated with regions with poor system of land information operation( McLaren, 2011). Current and dependable land information in terms of power, land use and value is necessary for icing the security of property rights; reduction in action and lower work for the courts; better land assessment and taxation; better information base for planning and administration; perfecting chart product( similar as base chart, mileage asset charts, zone maps and so on); easier deals in land; establishing a transparent and functional land request; lower corruption in land affairs and modernize the land information( Kabir, 2009). The cadastre is the core element of land information operation( Andersson, 1986).

The International Federation of Surveyors( FIG, 1995) defines a cadastre as a parcel grounded and over- to- date land information system containing a record of interests in land(e.g. rights, restrictions and liabilities). Williamson & Ting( 1999) linked three forms of cadastre the financial cadastre( used for generating profit through taxation); legal or judicial cadastre( used for guarding property power rights) and;multi-purpose cadastre( combining both functions of the financial and legal cadastres as well as being used for mileage operation, planning, environmental operation,etc.). The core element of cadastres, Cadastral information system or Land Information System is the cadastral chart attained through cadastral mapping.

Synonymous with cadastre and cadastral mapping is land enrollment . According to McLaughlin & Nichols( 1989) land enrollment is process of recording fairly honored interests in land. The overall end of land enrollment is erecting a cadastre( Jing, 2011). pivotal to land enrollment is adjudication. The term adjudication was first used in 1950’s to describe methodical ascertainment of rights in land( Lawrence, 1985). Adjudication is the first stage of land enrollment aimed at standardizing land through the procedure of land rights identification, discrimination cadastral surveying and mapping( Dale and McLaughlin, 1999). Adjudication occurs in two cases where no earlier register information is available or where the old information becomes obsolete with veritably bad quality( Jing, 2011). Cadastral mapping could be described as the process and styles of structure of information on land. Traditionally, cadastres and cadastral mapping systems have been homemade and paper- grounded( Borzacchiello & Craglia, 2012). They contained a numerical/ diagrammatic description( a graphical description of land parcels) and a separate list of land register( containing a list of names and rights of land holder)( Zevenbergen, 2002). Indexing schemes were used to link the chart and the register.

Recent developments in the Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System( Civilians) and web- grounded Civilians, internet dispatches, band range and transmission pets have needed and made possible the development of digital cadastres and cadastral mapping systems allowing the chart and the register to be integrated into one single system( a digital cadastral chart( database))( Sutherland & Nichols, 2002). With the development of Geo- information technologies( GIT) adjudication of land rights benefits greatly from the use of Remote Sensing/ Photogrammetry( Jing, 2011). Ever- tasted georeferenced orthophotos have been used for adjudication in colorful regions of the world( Meijs, Kapintango & Witmer( 2009). Remote Sensing and Geographic information systems( Civilians) have thus come important geometric tools for structure of digital cadastral systems( Albert, Edmund, Merem & Yaw, 2006). Elayachi & Semlali( 2001) noted that a digital cadastral chart isn’t a chart in the traditional sense, but a chart in which attributes( irregular) and chart( visual) data on cadastral unit are stored in the same database. They added that a digital cadastral chart registers each parcel and its possessors and describes all the spatial structures conforming of position, boundaries and contents.

While Western nations are advancing in the creation ofmulti-purpose cadastres that are aimed at supporting sustainable development, developing countries are only lately starting to establish more formal cadastral records for financial or other purpose.

In Nigerian, cadastral mapping land/ enrollment and administration suffer from among others warrant of use of applicable technology in surveying and the mapping assiduity. Cadastral charts are worn out and outdated and modernization sweats are only made for civic lands and are still on airman base( Oboli & Akpoyoware, 2010). Only a many countries including Lagos, Kano and the Federal Capital Territory have motorized land information( Bell,( 2011). A lesser part of land in Northern Nigeria is held under a customary system without being covered by cadastral mapping and land title enrollment ( Usman, 2010).