The Effect Of N-hexane Extract Of Kola Nitida Bark On Liver Function Test

The Effect Of N-hexane Extract Of Kola Nitida Bark On Liver Function Test

Abstract

Kola dinghy excerpt have been extensively used in tradition drug for thousand of time, it improves liver functions and provides protection against high fat fed metabolic rats. Present examinations were carried out on the hepatoprotective part of Kola dinghy excerpt mess treatment to high fat fed wistar rat. Healthy adult manly wistar rats were divided into four groups Group I rats were fed a standard Laboratory diet( groups match)( 20g/ rat/ day), Group II rats were fed a high- fat diet alone(3.6 g/ rat/ day), Group III rats were fed with combined admixture of 70 of high- fat diet with 30 Kola dinghy mess(9.8 g/ rat/ day), Group/ V rats were fed with high fat diet and was administered with Lipitor( Atovastatin)( 10mg/ rat/ day). The rats were offered at the end of the trial( two weeks) period. The high fat fed rat mainly elevated its serum and liver towel AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin with dropped in total protein situations. Where as the situations of all parameters significantly restored towards normalization by the kola dinghy cocoon mess treatment. The results attained suggest that the Kola dinghy mess have potent hepatoprotective action on high fat fed rats. A companion of the performance in both Kola dinghy mess and Lipitor treatment on high fat fed rat in respect of hepatoprotective part is easily index that the Kola dinghy mess treatment was more and related to the result of Lipitor as well as to the normal position.

List of tables

Table 1 Test for Cholesterol( TC)

Table 2 Test for Triglyceride( TG)

Table 3 Qualitative Analysis Phytochemical Composition of samples

Table 4 Qualitative Analysis Quantitative Phytochemistry

Table 5 Liver Function Test of rats fed with colorful samples

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

preface

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

Origin of kola

Strategies for enhancing investment openings in kola product-

Lipid metabolism

Lipid and lipoproteins – description and bracket

. Tube lipoproteins

Cholesterol metabolism

Liver x receptor

Liver x receptor as cholesterol detectors

Liver x receptor and corrosiveness acid conflation, metabolism and excretion

LXR and cholesterol Biosynthesis

LXR and cholesterol uptake-

LXR and intestinal cholesterol immersion

LXR as remedial targets

CHAPTER THREE

Accoutrements and styles

Identification of factory material

Phytochemical analyses

Experimental beast models

Collection of blood sample

Lipid profile analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Results

conversations

CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusions-

References–

CHAPTER ONE

preface BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Liver is the largest and most complex internal organ in the body. It plays an important part in the conservation of internal terrain through its multiple and different functions. Liver is involved in several vital functions similar as metabolism, stashing and storehouse. Hepatitis or seditious complaint involves inflammation and damage to the hepatocytes. Hepatitis is one of the most current conditions in the world. Every time 18,000 people had been reported to die due to liver cirrhosis caused by viral hepatitis( L) Ectopic fat storehouse occurs in rotundity particularly in the liver leading to a condition nominated nonalcoholic adipose liver complaint( NAFLD) characterized by varying degree of liver injury that progresses from steatosis to tratohepatitis, fibrosis and necrosis Due to its prominent association with IR( insulin resistance). rotundity, NAFLD is regarded as the hepatic incarnation of metabolite( 3) pattern. Liver has great capacity to detoxicate poisonous substances.

Kola cover is the traditional health food around the world. Kola cover cocoon mess is the residue after grinding the cover of kola and filtration, and it’s an excellent source in slightly high in fiber(16.74), low in crude protein(9.98), moderate NFE(42.391) and metabolizable energy 2497 kcal/ kg, and ash content is fairly high.(13.26). when companied with the values reported by( Oluokun, 1999);( Hamzat and Babatunde, 2001). These differences might be due to varietals separated and shelf life of the test component before analysis. still, the crude protein content fairly put kola cover cocoon mess( KPHM) with feed constituents like Sorghum while the fibre content put it in same proximate com being one of the important capsules for medical treatment in the world. The kola cover cocoon provides some essential accoutrements for doth drying. The cover dinghy, when mixed with some constituents is used in traditional drug to reduce Labour pains. The dinghy is used in treating bumps and fresh injuries. The roots give excellent chewing sticks for drawing the teeth and the wood is used in original busts coachwork and boatbuilding. Lipid refers to the different kind of fats present in the bodies of mortal tube include triglyceride( TG), phospholipids( PL), cholesterol esters( CE), and free cholesterol( FC) andnon-esterified adipose acid( NEFA. Each lipid plays a different part in our bodies yet all of them except free cholesterol( FC) contain esters of long chain adipose acid in their structures. Lipids are undoable in tube due to their non-polar structures therefore; they need some carriers that are answerable in polar and non-polar terrain. Lipids are packaged and carried in the form of lipoprotein, which is a patch that contains both protein( i.e. apolipoprotein) and lipids.

Statins( lipitor) are group of medicines approved for their Cholesterol reduction parcels and are generally used to treat atherosclerosis and coronary roadway complaint. These medicines inhibit 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A( HMG- COA) reductase. The rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis; which convertsHMG.CoA to mevalonate. piecemeal from cholesterol, mevalonate is also the substrate for the conflation of nonsteroid, isoprenoids similar as coenzymeQ. Depletion of these isoprenoids results in the so called plelotropic goods of statins which are independent of cholesterol.

Loweringeffect.These plelotropic goods ofanti-inflammatory,anti-apoptotic and ant- proliferative effect. In addition, data from experimental and experimental studies indicated that statins have neuroprotective goods and be a treatment option for neurodegenerative conditions of the central nervous system and the optical structures particularly the retina( schemer, 2007). Statins( Atorvastatin) is extensively used in the treatment of hepatic conditions. They’ve been extensively used in chinning visionary as cholesterol lowering agents to reduce mobility and mortality from coronary roadway conditions. It also has an effect in seditious conditions similar as rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis.

still, limited studies are available on the effect of kola cover cocoon mess treatment on hepatoprotective effect in high fat diet fed beast in this regard, the present study was aimed to probe the effect of kola cover mess on high- fat fed rats related to different hepatoprotective effect by comparing Lipitor Treatment.

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

Origin of kola

The gems Kola of the family sterculiaceae( Russel, 1955), is indigenous to tropical Africa and has its centre of topmost diversity in west Africa in the timber areas of west Africa, kola is maybe alternate only to win oil painting in significance in the list of indigenous cash crops. About 40 kola species have been described in West Africa. still, in Nigeria, the kola species of real significance are kola acuminateand kola nitida

Quarcoo, 1973;( Daramola, 1978) Kola acuminate and Kola nitida are important profitable crops in the timber areas of west and central Africa, carribean islets, mauritivs, Sri Lanka and Malaysia( Eijnatten, 1969);( Oladokun, 1985). The civilization of cola nitida in Nigeria began eventually in the 19thcentury. The nitida ― goro) wasobservednut ‖ tobe( kolagrowing abundantly in the otta backcountry in 1854 while its civilization was noted in Egba Division in 1902 and in Labochi and invidious in 1901. From Agege, kola nitida civilization presumably spread to the timber areas following first the course of the road line into Abeokuta, Ibadan and Offa replacing the original kola acuminata and piercing latterly along aqueducts and swash banks into the Guinea champaign and at present, south and Eastern state( Eijnatte, 1969).

Kola nuts have for hundreds of times served as an important composition of internal trade in Nigeria and other corridor of Africa( Nzekwu, 1961). It has been an item of trade in West Africa and in the Trans- saharan trade routes for numerous countries( Egbe and Sobamiwa, 1989).

Kola nut is used as a masticatory goad by Africans and has multitudinous uses in social, religious, ritual and conventional functions by the natives in the timber region of Africa it’s used during observances related to marriage, child picking, installation of chiefs, burial and offerings made to the colorful gods of Africa tradition( Nzekwu, 1967);( Daramola, 1978);( Opeke, 1992). There’s also adding demand for its operation in medicinals diligence and for product of soft drinks, wines, and candles( Beattie, 1970); Ogutuga, 1975). Its uses have inescapably created a high demand in excess of its product( Oladokun, 1985).

Kola nut has been used as abuse for a now brand of chocolate and wine( Kola chocolate and kola wine) which were developed by CRIN experimenters( famuyima, 1987). Eka,( 1971), has also reported the possible use of pulverized kola nuts for the medication ofnon-alcoholic potables.

Kola cover cocoon has also been employed for the product of liquid cleaner. The most recent and remarkable advancement is kola by- product application is the use of kola cover cocoon in the relief of over to 60 of the sludge used in

crockery feed phrasings( yahayaet al, 2001);( Hamzat, 2001);( Hamzat and Babatunde, 2001);( Hamzat and dig, 2002);( Hamzatet al; 2000);( Olubamimaet al, 2002). Other uses of kola according to Nzekwu( 1961) are as follows-( 1) It provides some essential accoutrements for doth dying.( 2) The cover dinghy, when mixed with some constituents is used in traditional drug to induce labour pains.( 3) The dinghy is used in treating bumps and fresh injuries. exploration on the enhancement of productivity of kola is carried out at the cocoa exploration institute of Nigeria( CRIN) with the accreditation in Nigeria for exploration into product and extension aspects of cocoa, kola, coffee, cashew and tea.

Strategies for enhancing investment openings in kola product.

1. The first step is to ameliorate the quality and volume of kola nut product in the country. This can be achieved by two approaches.

2. Rehabilitation of kola vineyards a more effective application of land can be achieved by the cutting down of unproductive trees and replacing them with proven accoutrements .