Character Traits (Tough Mindness And Aggression) And Stress As Predictors Of Alcohol Use Among Police Officers In Ibadan Metropolis
Abstract
The study is geared towards exploring some prognosticating variables of alcohol use among police officers in Nigeria. Hence, the study investigates whether – character traits( tough- mindness and aggression) as well as stress are significant predictors of alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan megalopolis. 500 police officers, which comprises of 488 males and 12 ladies completed the questionnaire pack of Eyesenck Tough- mindness Scale, Buss and Perry Aggression Scale, transnational Stress operation Scale and Chinese medicine Involvement Scale. Results showed that tough- mindness and alcohol use are appreciatively and insignificantly related( r = 0.53; p>0.05); aggression and alcohol use are appreciatively and significantly related( r = 0.22; p<0.05); stress and alcohol use are appreciatively and significantly related( r = 0.28; p<0.05) and the common effect of tough- mindness, aggression and stress were significantly related( f = 9.23>2.73; p<0.05). Findings were bandied and applicable recommendations were made for farther studies.
Chapter One
Preface
Background To The Study
Psychoactive substances are chemical substances that when taken, they’ve the capability to change the knowledge, mood and thinking processes of an individual( WHO, 2004). Alcohol is among the commonest psychoactive substances used( Chebukaka, 2014; Attah, etal, 2016). It’s socially accepted and serves as “ gateway ” to the use of other substances, and as similar people begin experimenting with alcohol, cigarette and other hard medicines. Factors similar as peer influence, broken family structure, announcement and the incapability to manage stress have been associated to the consumption of hard medicines, alcohol inclusive( Attah, etal, 2016).
The use of alcohol has huge negative goods on health on the global crowd. recently, there has been some occupational, moral or indeed social defense for the input of alcohol. Among scholars, nonstop and inordinate use has been linked to poor academic performance and academy powerhouse. For some, like the police officers and military men, alcohol consumption is meant to give them vigor, boldness, courage and a sense of durability, perceived by people. Alcohol is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the global scene. The high rate of deaths in Nigeria, especially among the youths may not be unconnected with the unhealthy cultures. Alcohol use among scholars is characterized by a number of parlous actions which in the long- run affect their well- being and academic performance. As situations of alcohol input increase, so also is the frequence of a variety of parlous actions. Heavy alcohol input may lead to depression and liver damage. In addition, alcohol affects numerous corridor of the brain, but the most vulnerable cells are those associated with memory, collaboration, and judgment. Short- term goods( generally lasts over to 72 hours after heavy use) Alcohol has several physiological and cerebral goods, which may inhibit academic performance of scholars. Cognitive capacities are affected by indeed small quantities of alcohol and can persist for a substantial period of time after the acute goods of alcohol impairment vanish. scholars ’ poor academic performance is associated with alcohol consumption; this is because it contributes to scholars missing classes, failing tests, dropping out of academy due to poor grades, and compromising the academic charge of sodalities and universities.
Tough mindness existent is allowed to be determined largely by either genetics and/ or heredity, or by terrain and gests , or both. There’s substantiation for all possibilities. Ruth Benedict was one of the leading anthropologists that studied the impact of one’s culture on the personality and tough mindness of the existent. Tough mindness of the existent can be defined as a dynamic and systematized set of characteristics held by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, provocations, and actions in colorful situations.
wrathfulness can be the result of hurt pride, of unreasonable prospects, or of repeated hostile fantasies. Besides getting our way, we may unconsciously use wrathfulness to condemn others for our own failings, to justify oppressing others, to boost our own sagging self-esteem, to conceal other passions, and to handle other feelings( as when we come aggressive when we’re hysterical ). Any situation that frustrates us, especially when we suppose someone differently is to condemn for our loss, is a implicit detector for wrathfulness andaggression.Aggressive geste that police officers parade in society moment is a concern to everyone. utmost police officers are involved directly or laterally in this situation. Velisiwe( 2005) stated that this experience doesn’t only affect police officers but also education labor force, parents, governing bodies, representative councils and the community at large. This geste constantly interrupts the smooth handling of the association and leads to an association or work climate not conducive. It places everybody’s life at threat and makes the culture of literacy and training veritably delicate.
Stress has been described in different ways over the times. According to Kazmi, Amjad and Khan( 2008) it was induced as pressure from the terrain, also latterly as a strain within the person. still moment accepted description one of the relations between the situation and the existent( Kazzmi, Amjad, Khan, 2008). It’s the cerebral and physical countries that affect when the coffers of the existent aren’t sufficient to manage with the demands and pressures of the job situation. therefore, stress is more likely in some situations than others. According to Acholu( 1995) although important is known about stress but there’s no agreement or agreement as to the description of the terms among scientist. The term “ stress ” has been defined else by else authors because of the complex nature of stress itself. The pressure at work particularly the emphasis on enhanced productivity has exaggerated the quantum of stress being endured by workers of the 21st century. According to them while a modicum of stress at work may enhance work provocation, the atrocious speed of ultramodern work situations produce dramatic changes in the generalities of work and the generalities workers have to handle in working. Stress in the work place is necessary. It’s an necessary aspect of mortal actuality according to Akinboye and Adeyemo( 2002) stress in the work place describes physical, internal and emotional wear and tear and gash brought about by incongruence between the demand of the job and the capabilities, coffers or requirements of the hand to manage with job demands.
Job life on the other hand is one of the important corridor of our diurnal lives which beget a great deal of stress. Due to the competitive nature of the job terrain utmost of the police officers in the world are spending their time for job related work purposes performing to ignore the stressor that are impacting their work and life. According to Ahsa, etal( 2009) asserts that people are more worry about their outgrowth of their work that can indeed affect the way they treat other people and how they communicate with their peers and guests. putatively in Nigeria according to Nwadiani and Ofoegbu( 2001) there are life hanging , dangerous and grueling situations which are stressful to people’s actuality and well- being. Some of these according to them include profitable insecurity, driving on inadequately maintained roads, religious dogmatism and instability.
Statement Of Problem
Adult life is a time for trying new effects. Police officers practices medicines for numerous reasons out of curiosity because it makes them feel good, to reduce stress, to feel grown up or fit in, they frequently don’t see the link between their conduct moment and consequences hereafter, they also have a tendency to feel imperishable and immuned to the problems that others witness. The work place for case, if the police officer isn’t duly acclimated, other than them using other ways that’s conducive and comfortable( exposure) they subscribe to alcohol abuse. For some decades now, the issues on alcohol use among police force have been a debate among colorful experimenters, families, government, medical interpreters and legal interpreters. The current rate of alcohol use consumption among police force in different corridor of the world gives room for concern. Data on the long- term counteraccusations of similar alcohol use are arising while intoxication, memory loss, violence and sexual threat- taking are associated with current patterns of officers alcohol consumption So numerous experimenters has delved on the causes of alcohol use among the police officers, still, this study will probe into tough mindness, aggressiveness and stress as predictors of alcohol use among Police Officers with the end of suggesting a better way of helping them to live a good life.
Purpose Of The Study
The main ideal of the study is to examine character traits( tough mindness and aggression) as well as stress as predictors of alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan Metropolis.
The specific objects of the study are
To examine the relationship between tough mindness and alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan Metropolis.
To examine the relationship between aggression and alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan Metropolis.
To examine the relationship between stress and alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan Metropolis.
To examine the common influence of tough mindness, aggression and stress on alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan Metropolis.
exploration QUESTIONS
The study attempts to give meaningful answers to the following exploration questions
What’s the relationship between tough mindness and alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan Metropolis?
What’s the relationship between aggression and alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan Metropolis?
What’s the relationship between stress and alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan Metropolis?
What’s the common influence of tough mindness, aggression and stress on alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan Metropolis?
exploration suppositions
Five suppositions were formulated to guide the study and they’re stated as follows
H01 There’s no significant relationship between tough mindness and alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan Metropolis.
H02 There’s no significant relationship between aggression and alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan Metropolis.
H03 There’s no significant relationship between stress and alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan Metropolis.
H04 Tough mindness, aggression and stress have no common significant effect on alcohol use among police officers in Ibadan Metropolis.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings in this study will in no measure benefit Nigerian Police force, parents,para-military, medical and legal interpreters, governments at the three categories( civil, state and original government), and the policy maker. The experimenter believe people in Oyo state will be suitable to profit immensely from this study because the exploration is meant to know if tough mindness, aggressiveness and stress will determine police officers to abuse medicines.
On the part of police forces and military forces, they will be better exposed through the findings that the inordinate use of medicines by them will affect their personality and family because the children learns while observing the geste of their parents who are police officers. It’s also known that, at this stage they tend to experiment effects presumably as a means of managing with the stress they encountered in which if they not corrected on time they tend to abuse medicines.
Government, psychologist, medical and legal interpreters will all profit from this study in the sense that they will be suitable to design interventions for police officers and this will enjoin them from abusing medicines in the society they find themselves and helping them to understands their significance in the society.
Compass And Limitations Of The Study
The study is designed to determine the influence of effect of tough mindness, aggressiveness and stress on alcohol use among Police officers in Ibadan. And so, it’s limited to Ibadan megalopolis, Oyo state of Nigeria.
The limitations encountered by course of the study are
Control Limitation Grounded on the directives of the design administrator, the study covered character traits and stress as predictors of alcohol use among police officers only operating in Ibadan Metropolis.
Time Limitation The time distributed to conduct a study of this magnitude, is fairly too small, given other academic commitments of the experimenter.
Data Limitation Grounded on the nature of the content that’s targeted at police officers, the repliers are frequently unyielding to share in the check for the fear of exposing their particular habits and morals to the experimenter.
hypotheticals
The study is guided by the following hypotheticals
That are the repliers are police officers operating in Ibadan Metropolis.
Those only willing repliers shared in the check.
That all the information handed by the repliers are true, accurate, unprejudiced devoid of sentiments.
System Of Analysis
The study espoused the check exploration design simply because it enables the experimenter to fete the characteristics of a given population and describe them in a methodical way and also theex-post facto exploration design because the experimenter has no control over the explicatory variables. likewise, the intentional slice fashion was used to elect 500 police officers in Ibadan megalopolis. The study used four instruments videlicet the Eyesenck Tough Mindness Scale( ETMS); Buss and Perry Aggression Scale( BPAS); transnational Stress operation Scale( ISMS) and the Chinese medicine Involvement Scale( CDIS) to collect data from the named police officers. The data collected were anatomized using the descriptive statistic analysis. Also, the Pearson correlation analysis and the analysis of friction were used to test the stated suppositions at 5 significance position.
Definiton Of Terms
Aggression This is a character particularity of geste and station featured by hostility, violence and wrathfulness.
Alcohol use has been defined as an inordinate use of addicting substances, especially when similar consumption or abuse of an alcohol isn’t for remedial purposes but rather for the purpose of altering the normal functioning of the mind and body.
Police officers refers to an existent who play a central part in the law enforcement system and cover felonious exertion, take part in community details, respond to exigency calls, issue tickets, make apprehensions, probe crimes and swear in court as demanded.
Stress This refers to the physiological or cerebral response to negative cerebral or environ internal factors at work perceived as trying or disturbing and hanging to an existent’s health or good.
Tough Mindness refers to the capability to face difficulties and failures with adaptability, determination and courage.
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