Effects Of Different Processing Methods Of Afzelia Africana (Akpalata) Seed Flour As A Soup Thickener

Effects Of Different Processing Methods Of Afzelia Africana (Akpalata) Seed Flour As A Soup Thickener

Abstract

Afzelia africana seeds( African Oak) were reused into flour using three different treatments. The treatments include rawAfzelia Africana flour( sample A) the control. The seeds were cracked and dehulled. The boiling system, the seeds were boiled for 20 mins at 1000C( sample B) and soaking system, the seeds were soaked for 5 days( sample C), both were dehulled sundried, mulled and seived using 60 mm mesh. also sample D was a combination of akpalata flour of boiled and soaked in a rate of 5050. Proximate coposition and functional parcels were carried out. The ensuing results were attained from proximate analysis of flour sample A, B, C, and D humidity content10.96,10.51,10.71, and10.23, Ash3.38,3.25,3.43, and3.37, fat11.64,10.18,11.48, and11.26, protein17.76,17.02,17.59 and17.25, carbohydrate56.26,59.04,56.79 and57.89. The results of functional parcels of sample A, B, C and D were attained as these gelation capacity0.97,0.83,0.77, and0.6, Bulk viscosity3.09, 3,32,3.03 and3.08, water immersion capacity 450, 470, 463, 453, oil painting immersion capacity 400, 355, 336 and 367, density outside 100,102.5,103.3,108.4 for sample A, B, C, announcement D. From the results over, both samples could serve as haze thickener, but sample A has loftiest humidity, protein and fat content showing that temperature affects proximate composition of African Oak seeds.

Chapter One

Preface

Grain legumes are major sources of salutary protein in the developing countries, as beast proteins are precious. In addition to the protein donation legumes are rich in other nutrients similar as bounce, salutary fibre, defensive phytochemical, oil painting, vitamins and minerals rudiments.

Legumes contain about 60 carbohydrate including bounce, reducing andnon-reducing sugars, oligosaccharides of the raffinose family etc.

Afzelia africana is a leguminous tree factory that belong to the family of fabaccae. Afzelia africana is known as Akpalata in eastern part of Nigeria, Kawo in North and Apa in west. It’s a large tree with veritably beautiful coloured seeds having two colour black and unheroic/ orange at the

bottom, that looks like a cap with extractable oil painting. The seeds are comestible and have high medicinal values. All corridor of the factory are of immense traditional significance, its wood is used for carpentry, the aphorism dust for making and designing art work, its leafage for making cleaner, while the leaves are used to enrich soil because of their rich nitrogen content( Achard, 1980).

Afzelia africana is evergreen small to fairly large tree, generally over to 15m altitudinous, but occasionally in mute points up to 30m. Bole of circumference to 3m, buttressed and infrequently over 16m long of Soudanian champaign and fringing timber form casamance Senegal to south Nigeria and across central Africa to Uganda.

Afzelia africana is a evanescent factory that bears 6- 10hard candescent seed in a cover, it’s ellipsoidal in shape. It’s a factory with paripinnate leaves, the leaves are arranged contrary bone another, they’ve entire periphery.

Afzelia africana is set up on a wide variety of soil types, frequently on hand kissers soil on steep pitches, as well as a depression and in regularly submersed spots.

Afzelia africana shows a wide adaption to climatological condition but is most common in area with an periodic rain fall of further than 900 mm.

Afzelia africana is a good emulsifying agent, when the seed is roasted, it develops a veritably affable and strong aroma which makes it veritably unique among other tropical legume haze thickeners similar as Mucuna flagellipes “ Ukpor ” and Detearium micocarpuma “ offor ” which are mellow and coloured.

The seed of Afzelia africana also contain oil painting which range from 18 – 37 the oil painting contained beta carotene, factory sterols, phospholipids and glycolipids.

Toxicological studies show absence of gossypol and no sensible mycotoxins.

As a matter of fact, the limitation in the use of numerous legumes in food system is that they containanti-nutritional factors some of which are flatulence factors and trypin impediments. Though Afzelia africana has not been considerably studied, there are no reported diseases of flatulence or any other digestive cases arising from its consumption once it’s duly reused.

Afzelia africana is considered a fetish tree in numerous regions, the roots, dinghy, leaves, and fruits are used in traditional drug.

Though the flour from this legumes has been in use as emulsifier and haze thickener it has entered little attention and recognition from experimenters unlike some comestible legumes similar as soybeans, groundnut, and bambara nut.

In order to increase the Afzelia africana product and application, one of the approaches will be to expose its major factors to processing. The functional characteristics need to be estimated as has been done for other legumes.

Objects Of The Study

The end of this work is to estimate the following physiochemical as well as the

1) product of Afzelia africana flour using different processing styles.

2) To determine the proximate composition of Afzelia africana.

3) To determine the functional parcels of Afzelia Africana.