IMPACT OF MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES TO THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Over the years, there has been increasing abandonment of building projects and infrastructural facilities which has led to the dilapidation, degradation and deterioration of these building structures within the Nigerian contemporary urban metropolis.
Recently there has been a lot of research investigations and analysis of which points unshakeable to the fact that certain features such as client’s perception, cost of maintenance works, unskilled maintenance technicians, inflation rates, effect of taxation on building owners, Government policies, inability to prepare and follow maintenance schedules are direct causes of neglect which leads to dilapidations and deterioration of building structures (onibokun 1997). There are also the remote causes of lack maintenance such as force majeur, cultural problems, state of the economy, the receding global economic meltdown, lack of time and general illiteracy of the occupants of the building or structure and users of the facilities.
However there has also been growth in the significance of building maintenance as a proportion of the output of the construction industry which takes place against a backdrop of mounting pressure on new build activity and a growing awareness of the need to manage the condition of the nation’s building and infrastructure more effectively (chanter 2007).
Though, it is still the case that such maintenance activity takes place in a context that does not create a fully integrated approach to managing building performance and thus the full potential of many buildings and infrastructures are never wholly realized. Essentially, almost all Nigerian cities and town centers will see buildings and infrastructure gradually and systematically deteriorate and collapse, with reduced or no maintenance programs and activities.
From the usual visual perception in urban metropolises,
(a) private and public buildings constructed;
(b) Road network
(c) Water supply system
(d) plumbing and drainage systems;
(e) transmission towers and transmission lines;
(f) State Telephone Network
(g) telegraph and postal systems;
(h) directional signs and directional signs;
It is dilapidated and needs a lot of maintenance. The lack of maintenance of these buildings and infrastructure has a negative impact on the population, impacting working-class performance, resulting in a loss of population capacity and minimal time value to achieve goals and objectives. It can also cause all forms of disease and psychological effects, and reduce the country’s economic growth.
1.2 Problem
All three of his branches of government, along with state-owned enterprises (SOEs), manage large portfolios of real estate infrastructure assets. In fact, the emphasis is on the provision of infrastructure, but the provision does not end with the commissioning of infrastructure facilities. After your infrastructure is operational, you need to perform various activities that are necessary for your infrastructure to continue to function, including:
“Handover” should be understood broadly to include not only the construction of infrastructure, but also the subsequent rational operation and maintenance of the asset throughout its planned useful life.
Maintaining buildings and infrastructure for business poses a great many challenges. One of the serious problems with funding. Government funding (both public and private) for building maintenance is minimal. Subsidies for infrastructure maintenance are minimal, and most buildings and infrastructure have been neglected throughout subsequent government tenures, while the private sector believes that individual property owners should ensure that their buildings provide their owners with an annual income. As much as it provides, it contributes little or nothing to the effective maintenance of the building.
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Conducive to residents, they could not worry about appearance and other necessary maintenance activities.Another problem for effectively maintaining Nigeria’s built environment is corruption. Certain governments concerned with the well-being of their populations promote programs of adequate funding to provide for the maintenance of certain facilities, such as road networks, borehole systems, and bridge construction, increasing power grids and reducing suffering. Relieve and ultimately stay healthy. Although part of the population, certain corrupt officials misappropriate these funds for personal gain. Another serious impediment to maintenance in Nigeria is the state of the economy, according to the united research on profitability index as regards to income per capita of nations of the world; Nigeria is rated as fifth poorest country (UN 2010), which implies that the average Nigerian lives below one dollar per day. As a result of this economic hardship residents and citizens has little or nothing to contribute in terms of effective maintenance of their abode thus leading to neglected effects visualized in our cities and metropolis.
Also certain buildings in Nigerian cities were constructed during the pre-colonial era therefore most of these buildings are aged due to wear and tear, weathering and climatic factors over the years thus resulting in dilapidated nature which might not respond positively to modern day maintenance day techniques, the reason for this assertion being 51% repair – replacement strategy, such buildings, the cost of their repairs might equal over 50% cost of new construction.
Buildings and infrastructural decay also stems from poor workmanship and poor supervision (Amobi 2003), most of these defects arises from the fact that the skill
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employed during the production of these buildings are defective, the supervisory most at times is minimal or left in the hands of unskilled foremen thus creating a chasm which will be filled by unprofessional ethics thus resulting in failure in the life of the structure which will eventually be translated to the overall life span of the building/structure.
This study aims to identify the shortcomings which militate against the effective maintenance of buildings and infrastructures. Therefore, all these buildings and infrastructures must be maintained effectively, and the external factors impeding effective maintenance must also be identified.
1.3 Purpose and objectives of the research
The purpose of this study is how to carry out maintenance of buildings and infrastructure to improve the performance of work, thereby increasing the efficiency of work, increasing the income of the people and increasing her per capita income of the people. to clarify what is possible.
The purpose of this research is to:
(a) Look closely at the level of maintenance attention given to buildings and infrastructure in Nigeria.
(b) is intended to improve current practices of building and infrastructure maintenance;
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(c) to identify various difficulties and problems that hinder the efficient implementation of effective maintenance of buildings and infrastructure in Nigeria;
(d) Investigate the causes of aging and deterioration of buildings and infrastructure. (e) To provide solutions to the threat of poor maintenance of buildings and infrastructure in Nigeria;
Among other things, the project will help reduce maintenance costs, minimize downtime, improve safety conditions, enhance aesthetic value, improve building appearance, reduce instances of structural collapse, and ensure proper maintenance of buildings and infrastructure. Indicates the need for a proper maintenance plan. Inherent danger to life and property is reduced.
1.4 Validity of research
Maintenance of buildings and general infrastructure is under-recognised as a priority activity in Nigeria. The country’s building and infrastructure maintenance activities are primarily based on convenience. This is a long-term series of ad-hoc measures, independent compromises between pressing material needs and the availability of funds. So only about 15% of the total maintenance is fixed. Future generations will face a heavy capital burden if severe degradation is not adequately addressed (Amobi 2003).
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It is therefore imperative to increase/enhance maintenance activities to ensure that the country’s building stock (production and accommodation factors), which represents a significant investment, is used as effectively as possible.
1.5 Scope and Limitations
This project work covers all necessary impact building and infrastructure maintenance for the Nigerian country in relation to the Shell Camp housing development in Owerri, Imo State.
From conception to design, construction and follow-up on a variety of issues faced by property developers, owners and users in building and infrastructure maintenance. Particular attention will be paid to infrastructure aspects of maintenance work, such as social and economic infrastructure, as well as scope management and application to the scope of this project.
1.6 Restrictions.
Although sufficient efforts have been made to exhaust the above scope, the time and cost constraints associated with the scope of maintenance issues are the major limitations to the overall achievement of project goals.
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1.7 Research question
This study aims to answer these questions
(a) What is infrastructure and building maintenance?
(b) What are the direct effects of poor maintenance on buildings and infrastructure?
(c) Will lack of maintenance affect Nigeria’s economy as a nation? (d) What are the direct causes of the low value of life in Nigeria?
(e) Will low maintenance costs affect Nigerian citizenship? How? Why?
(f) Is the low maintenance value the result of illiteracy, negligence, contractor material failure, labor and supervision failure, design failure, or resident activity? These and many other questions are some of the questions this study seeks to answer.
1.8 Definition of terms
Definition of maintenance for buildings and infrastructure
Maintenance is a general term that includes the provision of planned maintenance, repairs, refunds, and replacement of structures. The purpose of maintenance is to extend the life of critical assets, whether they are buildings or infrastructure. (According to the maintenance workshop)
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Infrastructure from 28th March to 1st April 2011 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Organized by the International Center for Science, Technology and Innovation for South-South Cooperation under the auspices of UNESCO). The British Standard (BS 583) (1974) defines maintenance as the combination of all engineering and related administrative actions aimed at maintaining or restoring an item to a condition capable of performing its required functions. The need for maintenance must be no more than necessary to meet the relevant requirements, and ‘maintenance’ is defined in the Factories Act 1961 as ‘effective condition, efficient operating condition and kept in good condition. is defined as
According to British Standards (BS 3811), maintenance is “the work performed to maintain a facility i.e. H. maintaining or restoring all parts of the building, premises and concept to an acceptable standard.” Construction standards that maintain utility and value are acceptable.
The Chartered Institute of Buildings (C.I.O.B) UK (1982) defines this maintenance as “work done to maintain a facility, i.e. H. to agreed standards determined by the balance of needs and available resources. together to maintain, restore or improve the building, its services and all parts of its surroundings;
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