Instructional Facilities And Academic Performance Of Pupils In Social Studies In Public Primary School In Ibiono Ibom
Local Government Area
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
The essence of education is to raise people with good conduct and behaviour to be able to fit into the society and function well. The process, which begins at home is called informal education while the one which is planned and run in the school is referred to as formal. In any case, the bottom line is character moulding for positive behavioural change, acquisition of knowledge and skills development. In education, it is easy to differentiate performance outcome from other variables but care must be taken during the study to arrive at a reasonable and generally acceptable conclusion Dienye (2004).
Academic performance of pupils in any school subject, including social studies is very crucial and should be measured entirely on the availability of instructional facilities. Nevertheless, instructional facilities have enormous contribution towards academic performance in any course of study and at any level of education.
From the above assertion, it is imperative to realize that good or bad academic performance in social studies in pupils primary schools which this study intends to investigate, is not purely the function of instructional materials.
There are other performance measuring techniques in education, but the most important point of concern here is the fact that the success or failure in academic achievement depends among other factors, on intellectual endowments of the pupils, and how we develop this endowment to produce results in education, together with instructional facilities, is the real motive behind this study, Adenlyi, B. A. (2001).
Furthermore, schools are basically designed for the purpose of ensuring good and sound academic performance. To attain this purpose, there must be an effective and systematic arrangement on a lot of things to aid the pupils and the educators. On the other hand, academic performance demands some commitment on the part of the pupils even with the availability of the instructional facilities. Dienye, N. E. (2004), remarks that a pupil can study deliberately by knowing how to control and direct his or her mind.
In primary schools, which is the grassroots every pupils desires to perform well academically. This cannot work except good attention is paid to some variables. A better academic performance requires some degree of hard work, commitment, dedication, perseverance and good study habit at the right time and place.
Learning according to Etim P. J. (2006) is not the transfer of knowledge and skills where learners are passive recipient but learning for improved performance is an active process of the constructive understanding, meaning and skills. This learning that aims at producing good performance must be constructive and this involves a complex use of methods of teaching and instructional facilities.
Approaches to solving difficulties are diverse, but the concern of this study is to investigate the relationship between instructional facilities and social studies pupils academic performance in primary schools.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The education of the child is very important not only to himself and the parents but also to the community and the progress of the entire nation. The problems here is the poor academic performance. In order for Nigeria to advance in the educational sector, it is pertinent for the Federal Government to look into the inadequate and inappropriate use of instructional facilities. However, event of the past decade and the present have shown that most pupils do not perform well in school.
Akwa Ibom State is not exempted from this problem, looking across the schools in many Local Government Areas, observations have shown that the academic performance of pupils from different school environment vary greatly even within the same urban settlements because of the neglect of full utilization of instructional facilities in ensuring that educational objectives are achieved.
The inability of the teachers to utilize these facilities in the teaching-learning process of social studies stem from the fact that many of them had no background on pictures and pictorial education. This therefore, leads to their improper delivery of the lesson, which inturn affects the performance of pupils. Social studies which serves as a foundation of the nation development, the researcher wishes to investigate whether or not the use of instructional facilities can influence pupils academic performance especially at the senior primary level.
The poor academic performance of pupils deprived them the opportunity of performing well in the external examination. This indicates an inverse relationship existing between the effort of using instructional facilities and the actual performance in social studies denied them the opportunity of performing well in the external examination. This indicates an inverse relationship existing between the effort of using instructional facilities and the actual performance in social studies denied them the opportunity of performing well in academic activities.
This study design to ascertain instructional facilities and academic performance of pupils in social studies in public primary school in Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The study investigated instructional facilities and academic performance of pupils in social studies in public primary schools in Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area. Specifically the study aimed at the following objectives.
To determine the difference in the academic performance of pupils in social studies based on teachers’ use of libraries as instructional facilities.
To assess the difference in the academic performance of pupils in social studies based on teacher’s use of laboratories as instructional facilities.
To ascertain the difference in the academic performance of pupils in social studies based on the teacher’s use of realia as instructional facilities.
To examine the difference in the academic performance of students’ in social studies based on the teacher’s use of pictures and pictorial presentation as instructional facilities.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This work will enable them to the importance of using instructional facilities fore effective teaching and learning.
It will also help in establishing focus on effective methods of teaching social studies.
It will also encourage teachers to adopt appropriate instructional facilities in teaching social studies.
To educational administrators, the findings would be a guide to improving existing plans. The Federal and State Ministries of Education and Parents-Teachers Association would be guided on the type of instructional facilities to provide for schools in order to improve pupils performance in social studies.
1.5 Research Questions
How does the use of instructional facilities affect pupils academic performance?
How does the availability of instructional facilities affect the pupils performance in social studies?
How do the years of experience of teachers affect pupils academic performance in social studies.
1.6 Hypotheses
The following research hypotheses were formulated and tested at .05 of significance.
There is no significant difference in the academic performance of pupils in social studies based on the teachers’ use of libraries as instructional facilities.
There is no significant difference in the academic performance of pupils in social studies based on the teachers’ use of laboratory as instructional facilities.
There is no significant difference in the academic performance of pupils in social studies based on the teachers’ use of realia as instructional facilities.
There is no significant difference in the academic performance of pupils in social studies based on the teachers’ use of pictures and pictorial presentation as instructional facilities.
1.7 Delimitation of the Study
This research study will not go beyond primary schools in Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area. Investigations will be on all the teacher of social studies and instructional facilities achievement in social studies through their performance in National Common entrance examination and their first school leaving certificate examination in some selected primary schools in the area. Only primary schools teachers in some selected schools in the area are used for the study.
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