MANAGEMENT OF ABATTIOR WASTE IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Abattior waste management has been a major concern in Nigeria. Animals are slaughtered almost every day in our country’s urban and rural markets, and the meat is sold to the public for consumption. Meat waste arose as a result of killing, as well as dehairing, paunch handling, rendering, trimming, processing, and cleanup operations. As a result, abattoir wastes frequently contain blood, fat, organic and inorganic solids, as well as salts and chemicals added during processing operations.
In Nigeria, Food and Drug companies in charge of importing livestock products and those produced locally must meet the requirements outlined in the relevant Nigerian Standard for Meat and Meat Products. Regardless of the fact that Nigerian laws Providing butchers and meat importers with rules and regulations that ensure high safety and quality standards, as well as an all-encompassing procedure that brings their activities into compliance with the law, appears to be a major issue. At the moment, activities at the Bodjija and Akinyeleabattoirs meet only 210 percent of the major standard for meat production and none of the storage requirements. The Abattoir’s activities are designed to recover suitable and eatable portions of slaughtered animals for human consumption. Significant amounts of waste materials (organic and inorganic solids) are created during the process. The solid waste consists primarily of bones, undigested ingest, and occasionally aborted fetuses, whereas the liquid waste consists primarily of blood, urine, and excrement. Water, dissolved solids, and gut contents. According to a number of researchers, slaughterhouse activities are responsible for the pollution of surface and underground waters, as well as the quality of air, which has an indirect impact on the health of residents living near abattoirs. Aside from these, primary producers in the affected water bodies will be destroyed by pollutants in October, which will directly or indirectly affect fish yield, with serious consequences for human diet. Inadequate discharge of blood and animal feces into streams in October causes a significant reduction in oxygen as well as nutrient enrichment of the receiving system, potentially leading to an increased rate of toxin accumulation (Nwachukwu 2014). Humans are also affected in October by an increase in water-borne diseases and other respiratory and infectious diseases. Chest problems. Abattoir waste disposal has long been a major issue in many developing countries, particularly in Nigeria’s Bodija and Akinyele markets. Most waste materials are disposed of without regard for sound environmental management practices, rendering them hazardous to humans and other terrestrial and aquatic life. Numerous previous and current research works from Nigeria and other developing countries show that many abattoirs in the respective countries either deposit waste materials in the immediate surroundings or dispose of waste directly into water bodies. Some have also claimed that the practice is primarily the result of a lack of or insufficient waste recovery and treatment facilities. In Nigeria, rising demand for animal products, particularly meat, has resulted in an increase in the number of abattoirs.
Waste generation and public concern about the situation are on the rise. An investigation into the activities of the main abattoir in the Bodija and Akinyele metropolis revealed that liquid waste from the area was highly polluted, with all measured parameters exceeding Nigeria’s Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) acceptable standards. The study also revealed that residents in the community where the Abattoirhouse is located complained of a bad odor from the liquid, pollution of their water sources, and a frequent sudden increase in the prevalence of various diseases, among other things. There has been widespread concern about how carcasses are prepared and then handled en route to markets.
1.2. General problem statement
Environmental pollution is a major threat to man’s physical environment and health.
(Fereidoun et al, 4007), as well as those of other living organisms (EPHA, 4009). It thus draws scholarly attention because the pollution problem is extremely difficult to solve, particularly in developing countries (Robertson, 1987). Man, either intentionally or unintentionally, causes environmental damage. Whatever the cause of the damage, he bears the primary consequences, which are visible in the daily damage and deterioration of the environment, as well as the overall threat to his general well-being. Schaefer and Lamn (19910) acknowledged the impossibility of thoroughly investigating all environmental issues, but summarized them into three critical types: air pollution, water pollution, and land contamination.
The general issue of abattoir waste generated from markets has resulted in numerous health hazards.
One of the most serious threats to society is air pollution. The constant dumping of abattoir waste in our markets without adequate treatment has resulted in the spread of diseases in society.
1.3. The study’s goals and objectives
The study’s primary goal is to investigate the management of abattoir waste in Nigeria. Other specific study objectives include:
1. To investigate the negative consequences of inadequate abattoir waste treatment in Nigeria.
2. To assess the level of abattoir waste treatment in the Bodija and Akinyele markets in Oyo State, Nigeria.
3. To investigate the impact of abattoir waste on Oyo state’s socioeconomic development.
4. To investigate the federal and state governments’ roles in ensuring adequate management.
of abattoir waste in Oyo state.
5. To make recommendations for the effective management of abattoir waste in the Bodija and Akinyele markets.
1.4. Research Issues
1. What are the negative consequences of inadequate abattoir waste treatment in Oyo state?
2. Is waste from abattoirs effectively managed in Oyo state?
3. What is the level of abattoir waste treatment in the Bodija and Akinyele markets in Oyo State, Nigeria?
4. What are the effects of abattoir waste on Oyo state’s socioeconomic development?
5. What are the federal and state governments’ roles in the proper management of abattoir waste in Oyo state?
6. What are the methods for effectively managing abattoir waste in the Bodija and Akinyele markets?
1.10. Research Hypothesis
H0:
In Nigerian markets, abattoir waste is not effectively managed.
H1: In Nigerian markets, abattoir waste is effectively managed.
H0: Abattoir waste has no significant impact on Nigeria’s socioeconomic development.
H1: Abattoir waste has a significant impact on Nigeria’s socioeconomic development.
1.6. Importance of the research
The study would be extremely valuable to the state government because it would recommend methods for effective management of abattoir waste in Oyo state markets. The study would also be importance to students, researchers and scholars who are interested in further studies on abattoir waste management in Nigeria.
1.7. Study scope and limitations
The study is restricted to the management of abattoir waste in Nigeria using
A case study of the markets of Bodija and Akinyele in Oyo state.
Study limitations
Financial constraint- Inadequate funding tends to impede the researcher’s efficiency in locating relevant materials, literature, or information, as well as in the data collection process (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time constraint- The researcher will conduct this study alongside other academic work. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.