Relationship Between Fake Drugs And People’s Perception Of Healthcare Delivery System

Relationship Between Fake Drugs And People’s Perception Of Healthcare Delivery System

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the relationship between fake medicine( FD) use and people’s station towards healthcare delivery system( HCDS). Actors( n = 103) were both healthcare providers( 56) and consumers( 47). 36 were males and 67 were ladies above eighteen times. They were named through a arbitrary slice fashion. The mean periods were37.2,34.2 and42.8 for all the actors, womanish actors and manly actors independently. All testing took place in Onitsha General Hospital, Community Apothecaries, medical Laboratories and classroom surroundings in Onitsha civic. Results revealed significant connections( r = 0.6, p<0.05). People’s station( selection, association, and interpretation of health affiliated information to form a meaningful picture of their health care requirements) were vastly affected by the use of FD in HCDS.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

runners

Title runner i

instrument runner ii

blessing runner iii

fidelity iv

Acknowledgement v

Abstract vi

Table of content vii

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Chapter One

preface

The utility of a good health care delivery system to any population is an egregious fact that can not be over emphasized. A healthy existent is a precious asset not only to himself, to his family, but also to his society.

The World Health Organization( WHO)( 1948) defined health as a state of complete physical, internal, and social well- being and not simply the absence of complaint or infirmity.

In 1986, the WHO in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion said health is” a resource for everyday life, not the ideal of living. Health is a positive conception emphasizing social and particular coffers, as well as physical capacities.” Overall health is achieved through a combination of physical, internal, emotional, and social well- being.

To achieve an overall health, we need health care delivery systems( HCDS) that can give high quality medical care, that are responsive to the health requirements and prospects of the populations they’re intended to serve, and at affordable costs.

On the other hand, the sweats geared toward achieving overall health, that is, health care delivery is the forestallment, treatment, and operation of illness and the preservation of mentaland physical well- being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, medicinal, dental, clinical laboratory lores and confederated health professions( Wikipedia, 2009).

According to WHO, health care delivery embraces all the goods and services designed to promote health, including “ preventative, restorative and palliative interventions, whether directed to individualities or to populations ”. The organized provision of similar services constitutes a health care delivery system. When fake medicines are used in health care delivery the main purpose of healthcare delivery system, which is an overall health won’t be achieved.

The relationship between fake medicine use in healthcare delivery system and how people perceive health care delivery system will more be appreciated by looking at the situations of health care delivery systems.

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All health care systems contain four essential situations of care( Lunde, 1990)

1. Lay tone- care

2. Primary professional care.

3. General specialist care, that is, secondary care.

4. Super specialist care, that is, tertiary care.

And there’s a fifth position of care – quaternary care.

The WHO defines tone – care as “ conditioning individualities, families, and communities take over with the intention of enhancing health, precluding complaint, limiting illness, and restoring health. These conditioning are deduced from knowledge and chops from the pool of both professional and lay experience. They’re accepted by lay people on their own behalf, either independently or in participative collaboration with professionals. ” The chops and knowledge of tone – care will be manifested in an existent’s capability to take applicable action( s) to achieve overall health. similar conduct include the capability to know when to seek for professional care, gather information on what type of care to seek for and where to get asked medical service.

Reports of the media( print and electronic), and lay information on frequentness and goods of fake medicines can impact an existent’s decision on how to pierce health care. thus, it becomes necessary to determine the relationship between fake medicine use in HCDS and how similar use affects people’s perception of HCDS.

Primary health care( PHC) as defined in Alma – Ata Declaration( 1978), is essential health carebased on practical, scientifically sound and socially respectable styles and technology made widely accessible to individualities and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and the country can go to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of tone- determination.

Primary health care is promotive, preventative, and rehabilitative. Health services grounded on PHC include at least immunization against the major contagious conditions measles, whooping cough, diphtheria, polio, tetanus, and tuberculosis and other factors of National Health Policy.

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When fake vaccines were used and no impunity conferred on the immunized, similar individualities would be largely inclined to developing the specific complaint.

The term secondary health care is a service handed by medical specialists who generally don’t have first contact with cases, for illustration, cardiologists, urologists and dermatologists. A croaker might freely limit his or her practice to secondary care by refusing cases who haven’t seen a primary care provider first, or a croaker may be needed, generally by colorful payment agreements, to limit the practice this way( Wikipedia, 2009).

Tertiary health care is a technical exemplary care, generally on referral from primary orsecondary health care labor force, by specialists working in a centre that has labor force and installations for special disquisition or opinion and treatment( Wikipedia, 2008).

Quaternary health Care – Quaternary health care is the advanced position of drugs which arehighly specialized and not extensively used( Intota, 2009). It’s the provision of health care to cases in cardiac care, orthopedic, neurosciences, oncology, renal care, and so forth.

Given the present situation in Nigeria, the terrain is intensively stressful and nearly everyone’s health is dangerously hovered in one way or another. In ages like this, our health care delivery system should give relief to Nigerians, so numerous of whom are daily on edge( Adelusi- Adeluyi, 1995). Unfortunately, this painful situation has been compounded by the use of fake medicines in our health care delivery. It’s worthwhile to note that opinions as to the fictitiousness of medicines one consumes, felicitousness and capability of both the health care installations and labor force earn a great attention.

In Nigeria, because of chaotic medicine distribution, possibility of one getting a victim of fake medicines is veritably high. After all, it’s more delicate to secure a house with over a thousand doors than the one with one or two doors. There are so numerous instructors( interposers) in medicine distribution in Nigeria. Each conciliator is a implicit entry point for fake medicines.

According to WHO( 2006), “ a fake medicine is one which is designedly and fraudulently mislabeled with respect to identity and/ or source. Counterfeiting can apply to both ingrained and general products and fake products may include products with the correct constituents or with the wrong constituents, without active constituents, with inadequate active constituents or with fake quilting. ”

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In the Nigerian fake and Fake medicines and Unwholesome Processed Foods( eclectic vittles) Decree 1993 as amended, a fake medicine is defined as

“a. Any medicine or medicine product which isn’t what it purports to be; or

Any medicine or medicine product which is so multicolored, carpeted, pulverized or polished that the

damage is concealed or which is made to appear to be more or of lesser remedial value than it really is, which isn’t labeled in the prescribed manner or which marker or vessel or anything accompanying the medicine bears any statement, design or device which makes false claim for the medicine or which is false or deceiving; or

Any medicine or medicine product whose vessel is so made, formed or filled as to be deceiving; or

Any medicine product whose marker doesn’t bear acceptable directions for use and similar acceptable warning against use in those pathological conditions or by children where its use may be dangerous to health or against unsafe lozenge or styles or duration of use; or

Any medicine product which isn’t registered by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control( NAFDAC) in agreement with the vittles of the Food, medicines and affiliated products( Registration, etc).

The consumption of fake medicines is worst error that can do in HCDS. It’s an error because both the health care provider and consumer don’t know they’re using the wrong medicine. Fake medicines are eroding both the substance of health care delivery system( HCDS) and confidence people have in the system. Counterfeiters are into everything the pharmaceutical assiduity produces – from life saving medicines, for illustration, HIV/ AIDS, antituberculosis, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive to recreational medicines. The actuality and functionality of our HCDS is being hovered , as numerous pharmaceutical manufacturers who spend large quantities of plutocrat on exploration, product and force of genuine medicines are being edged out of business by fake medicine manufacturers.

The relationship between fake medicines and people’s perception of health care delivery system can be looked at from two perspectives

Health care consumers ’ perspective

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Health care providers ’ perspective