Statistical Analysis Of Criminal Offences Recorded

Statistical Analysis Of Criminal Offences Recorded

Abstract

Almost every area of human life involves statistics in some way. This position is utilized to evaluate a study that examines the level of crime in Kuje-Abuja. This study is intended to rectify, update, and forecast future events that will be in compliance. The project’s goals are the crimes committed in Kuje. The project is divided into five chapters, the first of which includes an introduction, a history of Kuje Police Station, as well as the project’s goals and objectives. The literature review, which is found in Chapter 2, is pertinent to the subject of the study. Additionally, in the same chapter two, the statistical tools utilized will be covered, along with the essential details on the different types of crimes. In chapter three, the methodology and data presentation, which includes the technique of data collecting as well as the sources of data and any issues that may have arisen during data collection, will be the main focus. Achieving the goals set forth in Chapter 1.3’s general goals and particular objectives, as well as using statistical tools pertinent to the project’s subject, provide the basis of Chapter 4’s analysis of data. The findings, conclusion, and recommendations in chapter five are also included, along with a bibliography of the topics covered throughout the entire project. Last but not least, I hope that this project will provide the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic Library, the Department of Mathematics and Statistics Library, as well as all of the institute’s members, with something to understand and learn, something to read as a source of information and inspiration.

Chapiter 1

Introduction (1.1)

The hunt for information on all aspects of crime has been prompted by the government’s and civilization’s growing desire to strengthen the upkeep of law and order and engage in crime prevention. The authorities will then be able to determine if crime is rising or falling.

A lawful act or offense is a crime in the traditional sense. Any act that undermines society is referred regarded as a crime. Crimes include things like robbery, kidnapping, rape, theft, etc.

Therefore, anyone who breaks the law should be detained, prosecuted, and promptly, and only then, condemned to some time in prison. Criminals are meant to undergo reformation in prison and learn to abide by the laws and rules enacted in order to properly manage society.

Security organizations make an attempt to reduce crime in our society, yet the rate of crime is rising alarmingly. This has in fact been a widespread habit in society, particularly among young people. Although numerous steps had been taken to rid our society of this abnormal conduct, the problem persisted since new crimes continued to be committed on a daily basis.

People who have been found guilty by a court are kept in prison pending trial. It is a building constructed by the government to house anyone who disobeys the law.

Crime Classification

There are numerous methods to categorize crime, but some of them include:

1. Crime against people: This category includes crimes like rape, kidnapping, homicide, robbery, etc., which are typically punished severely.

2. Property crimes include car theft, forgery, fraud, vandalism, and robbery. These offenses typically incur harsher punishments than crimes against persons.

3. Crimes against the public and morality: This includes unruly behavior, prostitution, gambling, and public intoxication, among other things.

The consequences for these offenses are typically more severe.

Crime’s Causes

There are numerous causes of crime. In their research, criminologists listed psychological, societal, and hereditary factors as the causes of crime. While crime is seen by prison guards as a result of a person’s environment, for instance, some crimes are brought on by the following:

1. Economy: In Nigeria, this is a major contributor to crime. Without jobs, many people were forced to scavenge the town, and the devil as a result gives them work in crimes, particularly property crimes.

2. After-War Effect: As a result of the civil war’s rise in crime and violence, many young people who had received training in the use of weapons were left without employment. The migration of people from rural to urban regions and the ensuing unemployment caused frustration, and as a result of the ensuing poverty, destitution, and lack of even the most basic necessities of life, young people turn to crime, which at first glance seems profitable.

3. Political Activities: Political campaigns and elections in Nigeria are tragically terrible because of the political immaturity of the general populace. Crimes like riots, murder, looting, and corruption were among the things that encouraged criminal activity in our society.

Most of the time, law enforcement agencies are powerless to take action, particularly when wealthy or powerful politicians are involved or when the political party in power is at stake. Nepotism and corruption in the distribution of public offices and privileges, as well as the theft of public funds through contracts, are also factors. These are well-known crimes.

The Avoidance Of Crime

1. Retribution: This refers to harsh penalties for any wrongdoing. Without a doubt, these goals direct the public and the courts in Nigeria. Section 4(1) of the Prison Decree of 1972 (Decree 9) stated that when one is sentenced to prison, “subject to this section, the effect of sentence of imprisonment is with hard labor passed upon a prison shall be that the prisoner shall be imprisoned for the period of sentence and during his imprisonment shall work at such labor as may be directed by the superintendent.” The puncture aspect was consequently highlighted by this law.

2. Deterrence: This is also referred to as punishment or consequence put aside by the government to serve as a lesson to both the prisoner and the general public.

Prison

A jail is defined as “a building where people are kept as a punishment for a crime they have committed” by the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.

A Range Of Prisons

1. Convict institution: All cases of convicts, including those serving long and short sentences, criminals on death row, and gazette inmates, are admitted to this institution.

2. Divisional or provincial prison: This is where anyone with a sentence of less than 12 years is placed. It is possible to find long-term inmates in this prison who are under specific arrangements. For instance, they might work in construction, carpentry, or bricklaying before being sent back to the penal colony.

3. Central jail: The controller general of prisons oversees the central prison, which regulates all other prison operations in a specific division.

4. Inmates are kept in prison camps where they can study trades like carpentry, tailoring, bricklaying, singing, etc.

1.2 Historical Context Of The Study

In the year 1861, the Nigeria Police Force was established. The British consulate guard, which consisted of 30 men, granted permission when the consul complained that he had too many responsibilities, including those placed on him by the police, in 1861. This was given that name because John Becroft was the representative of the British government. Due to the inclusion of some kidnapped runaway slaves from Jebba into it two years later in 1863, this small force was called “Hausa Police” and consisted of 600 men. Worer R. N. in 1879 significantly increased the size of the Hausa Police by hiring more men, primarily from the Hausa, and gave it the name Hausa constabulary. At that time, it had 1200 personnel and was overseen by a police inspector general. Duty mostly had a military feel about it. The providing of a detachment of 8 officers and 251 men for the Arochukwu was one of the men’s military obligations, even though they were also supposed to execute some civil responsibilities.

Similar to the Hansa constabulary, the Lagos Police Force was established on January 1st, 1896. The arm was this. There were 250 other levels in addition to the commissioner, two assistant commissioners, superintendent, and quarter master. The detective department was established in 1898 and initially comprised of one superintendent and 14 other ranks; from this, our current criminal Investigation Department (CID) developed. This force mostly functioned in the Lagos area, while the constabulary operated in the north.

On October 1st, 1963, Nigeria was granted federal republic status. According to the Republican Constitution, the military was still managed on a federal basis. The Divisional Police Station in the Kuje Area was formed on August 15, 1985, and the majority of its duties are handling criminal offenses.

But among the criminal offenses analyzed in the Kuje Divisional Police Station between 1999 and 2007 are rape, theft, armed robbery, housebreaking, and bribery and corruption.

1.3 Subject Matter And Coverage

The gathering of data within a region over time, such as daily, monthly, or yearly, is known as criminal statistics data. It is significant because the criminal data used in this project was gathered from the Kuje Police Headquarters and pertains to criminal offenses reported between 1999 and 2007.

1.4 Overall And Particular Objectives

This study’s overarching goal is to calculate the crime rate and utilize that information to predict the future state of affairs.

1. To calculate the model for the rate of crime

2. To check the model’s normality (using a normal probability plot) in order to determine whether the data may be used for the analysis.

3. To predict future criminal activity using a time series model.

4. To offer ideas for potential crime-fighting strategies.