The Effect Of Refused Disposal On Human Health In Nigeria

The Effect Of Refused Disposal On Human Health In Nigeria

Chapter One

Preface

Background of the Study

The significance of living in a clean terrain can not beover-emphasized. Once an terrain is free of nasty waste, its impact is generally seen in all aspects of life of individualities having contact with that terrain. The focus of this study was to assess the effect of waste disposal practices in Yenagoa megalopolis of Bayelsa State. The need for effective operation of solid waste is an issue that has needed public health attention in colorful corridor of the globe. It’s of utmost significance to insure that solid waste products are duly managed in order to help the circumstance of attendant problems associated with poor waste operation including water impurity, air impurity, increased frequence of vector- borne conditions, infection spread etc. indecorous waste operation styles have been shown to contribute to the drop in the quality of health of a population as a result of environmental health nuisances that have arisen as a result of these poor waste operation styles( Oyebode, 2013; Igbinomwanhia etal., 2014; Awajiogak, 2013). These waste products astronomically called Municipal Solid Waste( MSW), includes backwaters arising from agrarian, artificial, construction, mining and disquisition or marketable conditioning which could be gassy, solid,semi-solid or liquid in nature; scrap disposed at garbage dumps, abandonednon-functional buses accoutrements and all other accoutrements which are regarded as no longer useful. These waste products are still at certain times aren’t duly inclined or managed which in turn leads to the circumstance of environmental of environmental and public health challenges( Onwughara etal., 2010; Schübeler etal., 1996; Karija etal., 2013). External solid waste operation still remains a major environmental health challenge in Nigeria which has been attributed to magpie roadside refuse disposal, open jilting of waste products, a massive unplanned urbanization trend and growth of the population, absence of practicable guidelines as respects refuse jilting and refuse dumpsites, inadequacy in backing, laxity in the practice of effective waste operation as well as absence of systematized waste operation systems etc( Igbinomwanhia etal., 2014; Abah and Ohimain, 2010; Agwu, 2012). An assessment of the civic waste problem in Nigeria has revealed that Nigerian metropolises were among the dirtiest metropolises in the world and that over 80 of Nigerians use waste disposal styles that aren’t in line with World Health Organization norms( Federal Ministry of Environment, 2002). It’s noteworthy to state that the government of Nigeria on its own part has played significant places in icing that this imminence is checked through the enactment of regulations and legislations that insure the practice of acceptable waste operation. This is still not enough on its own as the crowd must also be educated on how best they can cleave to these laws asnon-adherence not just only leads to facing penalties from environmental health agencies but can also lead to deterioration in health as well as deaths. This is an issue that must be addressed round the timepiece despite the numerous challenges being faced by the applicable waste operation authorities. Environmental health education should be put into play, strict adherence and enforcement of environmental health laws and regulations, provision of acceptable waste disposal styles for the crowd, timely and proper waste operation by applicable authorities, recycling of waste accoutrements etc are some ways by which the prevailing circumstance of poor waste operation can be dived and therefore furnishing a more healthy terrain for labour and productivity( Onwughara etal., 2010; Karija etal., 2013; Owoeye and Okojie, 2013; Kafando etal., 2013). Seeing that effective and proper waste operation practice is a problem that impacts on the health of individualities in Nigeria, it was necessary to carry this study to assess the waste disposal practices in Yenagoa megalopolis of Bayelsa State as it handed a frame for evaluation of waste operation sweats and handed areas that demanded farther attention in order to insure achievement of effective waste disposal and operation in BayelsaState.The operation of solid waste, maybe, stands as the most visible environmental problem facing the capital and communities of Bayelsa State. The problem is growing daily as a result of adding urbanization. The solid waste problem is visible in utmost corridor of the communities within the Yenagoa megalopolis, on the roads, within the neighbourhoods and around domestic structures. The terrain of man lies at the mercy of both natural disaster and negligence on the part of man in the course of controlling the gifts of nature. The after takes the form of jilting solid waste in an exacting pattern, that can beget; desert encroachment, corrosion, reduction of ozone subcaste, reduction of natural coffers, pollution of land, gutters, the air and generally the terrain( Aguwanba, 1998). According to Egunlobi( 2004), in the early times( pre- social days) up till 1970s, the disposal of garbage and other waste didn’t pose any significant problem. The population was small and enough land was available for assimilation of waste. Solid waste problem started with civic growth, redounded incompletely from nationalincrease in population and more importantly from immigration. Ndakara( 2011) also states that the volume of similar waste depends substantially on position, exertion and number of people in the ménage. still, it wasn’t until the medial- 19th century, prodded by decreasingly ruinous cholera outbreaks and the emergence of a public health debate that the first legislation on the issue surfaced. therefore the social leftist, Sir, Edwin Chadwick’s 1842 report on “ The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population, came influential in securing the passage of the first legislation of waste concurrence and disposal, in which he argues for the significance of acceptable waste junking and operation installations to ameliorate the health and good of the megacity’s population.( Barbalace, 2003). Beforehand scrap junking exchanges were simply open bodied dump exchanges pulled by a platoon of nags. They came motorized in the early part of the 20th century and the first unrestricted body exchanges to exclude odours with a jilting switch medium were introduced in the 1920s in Britain. These were soon equipped with “ hopper mechanisms ” where the scooper was loaded at bottom position and also hoisted mechanically to deposit the waste in the truck. The Garwood cargo Packer was the first truck in 1938, to incorporate a hydraulic compactor( Herbert, 2007). Mba( 2003), noted that no city in Nigeria especially the civic and semi-civic centres of high population viscosity can boast of having set up a continuing result to the problem of smut and huge piles of solid waste, rather the problem continues to assume monstrous confines. To civic and megacity residers, public hygiene starts and ends within their immediate girding and indeed the megacity would, take care of itself. The situation has so deteriorated that moment the problem of solid waste operation has come one of the nation’s most serious environmental problem( Okpala, 2002). Ineffective waste operation could rubbish all the coffers and sweats put in beautifying the terrain. Every time, the government of Nigeria, Bayelsa state inclusive spends billions of naira to roll back malaria, without fastening on some environmental factors similar as poor waste operation that makes malaria to thrive. Blocked rainspouts give stagnant water which facilitates the parentage of mosquitoes and other sickness causing origins( Ogadimma, 2011).

Statement Of Problem

The problem of ineffective and shy Waste operation is a major problem to our society and the world at large, this is because indecorous waste operation has led to the outspread of colorful conditions and health and environmental hazard.

i) Generation of poisonous air and water adulterants, along with mountains of solid andhazardous wastes, which is getting an inviting problem in YenagoaMetropolis.

ii) Strong possibility of a situation where failure to decide where to put waste or how todispose them safely will lead to the close down of some diligence and affect in wastebeing spread far and wide

iii) The health goods of pollution, poisonous waste and other environmental ills of modernsociety becomes a lesser trouble to man than conditions.

Ideal Of The Study

The main ideal of this study is to examine the effectiveness of waste operation as a nostrum to complaint forestallment and healthy terrain in Bayelsa state. Specifically it seeks to

1. Examine the effectiveness of waste operation in Bayelsa state.

2. Examine how proper waste operation can help complaint and sustain healthy terrain.

3. To ascertain how effectively managed waste disposal in Bayelsa state

4. To estimate the consequences of indecorous waste operation in Bayelsa state.

Exploration Question

The following questions shall be answered in the course of this essay.

i. What are the counteraccusations of an indecorous waste disposal system?

ii. What’s the present state of waste disposal in Bayelsa state?

iii. What are the ultramodern technologies involved in waste operation and their long term benefits?

iv. What system can be used to effectively managed waste in Bayelsa state?

Significance Of The Study

When Bayelsa State was created in 1996 from the still being Rivers State, itbecame egregious from commencement that the fledgling state will face great challengeson its path to attaining the growth and development that autonomy had bestowedonher.The challenges of waste disposal being endured in the State Capital City( Yenagoa) is on the increase and at a veritably fast rate, upon this ills this researchfinds itssignificance.As Nigeria aims to be amongst the top 20 husbandry in the world by 2020, it isimperative that issues of waste operation be dived from the state position, andaddressed from megacity to megacity.

Compass And Limitation Of The Study

The study covers the effect of refused disposal on mortal health in Bayelsa state. still the study has some limitation which ranges from

Finance finance is a major limitation to the study as coffers allocated to the study is limited

Time time is a major constrain to the exploration as time allocated to the study is veritably limited

exploration material vacuity of exploration material is a major set back to the compass of the study

Description Of Terms

Waste and wastes are unwanted or unworkable accoutrements . Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use, or it’s empty, imperfect and of no use. exemplifications include external, solidn waste( ménage trash/ garbage), dangerous waste, waste water( similar as sewage which contains fleshly wastes( feaces and urine and face run- off), radioactive waste and others.

WASTE operation

The collection, transportation, and disposal of scrap, sewage, and other waste products. Waste operation encompasses operation of all processes and coffers for proper running of waste accoutrements , from conservation of waste transport exchanges and jilting installations to compliance with health canons and environmental regulations.

ENVIRONMENTAL operation

This is the combination of all conduct taken to reduce the impact of mortal conditioning on theenvironment; similar conduct are specifically geared towards sustainabledevelopment.Sustainable development can be describes as a form of development that’s suitable to meet theneeds of the present generation without compromising the capability of unborn generations tomeet their own requirements.

terrain

The word “ terrain ” is of French origin “ environner ”, meaning to encircle or compass.( Webster, 2015) defined the terrain as the conditions that compass someone orsomething the conditions and influences that affect the growth, health, progress,etc., ofsomeone orsomething.These are the very effects we depend upon on a diurnal basee.g. water, food, request, diligence, air, shops, and creatures etc, the terrain is a complexly simple system of ecologywhere a simple or drastic change in one aspect can emphatically or continually affect otheraspects.

BAYELSA YENAGOA megalopolis

Yenagoa is the capital megacity of Bayelsa state, located in the southern part of Nigeria. Thegrowing megalopolis is one off the eight( 8) original government areas within the state.

Association Of The Studies

This exploration work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the preface, which correspond of the( overview, of the study), statement of problem, objects of the study, exploration question, significance or the study, exploration methodology, description of terms and literal background of the study. Chapter two punctuate the theoretical frame on which the study its grounded, therefore the review of affiliated literature. Chapter three deals on the exploration design and methodology espoused in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and donation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.