Impact Of Self Concept, Body Dissatisfaction And Gender On Student’s Fear Of Negative Evaluation
Chapter One
Preface
Watson and Friend( 1969) defined fear of negative evaluation as apprehension about
others ’ evaluation, torture over their negative evaluation, and the anticipation that others would
estimate oneself negatively. Carleton et al,( 2006) defined fear of negative evaluation as the
apprehension and torture arising from concern about being judged despairingly or hostilely by
others.
principally people with a high degree of fear of negative evaluation( which can be measured with
Fear of Negative Evaluation scale developed by Watson and friend) are exorbitantly concerned with
how they’re judged or perceived by other people. They tend to imagine that they’re being
perceived in negative ways and they’re frequently inhibited in their geste as a result.
This people are also more responsive to situational factors, conformity,pre-social
geste e.t.c. It may also be seen in every social assessing situation including testing, being on
a date, talking to one’s superior, being canvassed for a job, or giving a speech( Watson and
friend, 1969). Fear of negative evaluation is related to specific personality confines, similar as
apprehensiveness, deference, and social avoidance. Several cognitive models, as well as
former exploration, support the notion that social anxiety is deduced in part, from fear of perceived
negative evaluation( Clark & Wells 1995; Rapee and Heimbeig, 1997). People with social anxiety
demonstrate a variety of behaviours to avoid negative evaluation( Well et al, 1995) and have
attentional impulses for detecting social- evaluative pitfalls( Asmundson & Stein, 1994; Heinrichs &
Hofmann, 2001 Vassilopoloulos, 2005); still this perceptivity to social pitfalls is believed to
be grounded on implicit and automatic response determined by encouragement applicability( Philippot and
Pouilliez, 2005). Socially anxious people have lower position of confidence in their perceived social
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chops( it has also been associated with increased shyness( Miller, 1995), the development of
eating diseases( Gilbert and mayer, 2005), and lower tone- regard( kocovski and Endler, 2002).
Tozzi,F., Aggen,S., Neal,B., Anderson,C., Mazzeo,S., Neal, M,.( 2004) made a connection
between fear of negative evaluation and perfectionism, suggesting that a fear of making mistake
is one of the core features of perfectionism. Concern over mistake can be viewed as a form of
negative evaluation. shortly put, miscalculations are synonymous with failure and disapprobation.
Social anxiety is, in part response to perceived negative evaluation by others whereas Fear of
Negative Evaluation is related to dread of being estimated despairingly when sharing in a
social situation. Social anxiety is purely an emotional response to this type of social phobia.
When cases with social phobia estimate their relationship, they’re extremely fearful of
negative evaluation and express high degree of FNE. FNE has been suggested to have some
inheritable factors as are other personality characteristics( particularity apprehensiveness, deference
and social avoidance) Segrin,( 2001).
As a latent construct, fear of negative evaluation is believed to promote the development and
expression of further general fears, anxiety and psychopathologies( Reiss and McNally, 1985).
This latent fear is incompletely inheritable;(( Stein, Jang, & Livesley, 2002). Given the necessity for
positive, successful social commerce, particularly for persons in fear of remedy( Alden &
Taylor, 2004; Segrin, 2001). Increased understanding of effect of fear of negative evaluation and
its supplements is pivotal.
tone- conception is another important variable that we must talk about as it contributes a lot
in determining whether a person would develop the fear of being negatively estimated by people.
The tone- conception is a general term used to relate to how someone thinks about or perceives
tone- conception can be defined as an systematized knowledge structure or cognitive
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schema that contains all given information about the tone, including once gests , current
knowledge, passions, beliefs and tone- evaluations( Markus, 1977). While the tone- conception was
formerly conceptualised as a stable, generalised view of the tone, it’s now viewed as a dynamic and
multifaceted structure, which influences areas as different as tone- regulation, thing setting,
information processing, affect regulation, provocation, social perception, situation and mate
choice, commerce strategies, and responses to feedback( Markus & Wurf, 1987). This dynamic
conceptualisation allowed for the observation that an existent’s tone- conception could alter grounded
on their presently accessible studies, stations and beliefs, which may be told by factors
similar as their current motivational state or social surroundings( Markus & Wurf, 1987). Selfconcept
can be conceptualized in terms of both content and structure, that’s how the person
views themselves and how this tone-applicable information is organized. Social cognitive
experimenters have set up out that people vary in the stability of their tone- conception( Campbell et al,
), and propose that an unstable tone- conception results in perceptivity and vulnerability to selfrelevant
feedback( Campbell, 1990). Psychologist, Carl Rogers( 1951), was the first to establish
the notion of tone- conception. According to Rogers, everyone strives to reach an ‘’ ideal tone ’’( the
closer one is to their ideal tone, the happier one will be)
Those who are unfit to attain this thing may parade the fear of being negatively
estimated by others and utmost times they tend to avoid socially evaluative situations. Rogers
claims that one factor in a person’s happiness is the “ Unconditional Positive Regard( UPR) from
others. UPR frequently do in close of domestic relationship, and involves a harmonious position of
attention anyhow of the philanthropist emotion. According to Rogers, psychologically healthy
people laboriously move down from places created by others prospects and rather look within
themselves for confirmation. On the other hand neurotic people have tone- conception that don’t match
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their own gests . They’re hysterical to accept their own gests as valid, so they distort
them, either to cover themselves or to win blessing from others. One important proposition related
to tone- conception is tone- categorization proposition( SCT), which states that tone- conception correspond of at
least two situations, a particular identity and a social identity. In other words bones tone- evaluation calculate
on both tone- perception and how others perceive them. If one perceives oneself as being
unskillful, this negative tone- evaluation would affect the person’s geste or disposition
presumably negatively in the same hand, positive tone- evaluation types confidence in social
situations.
The temporary tone- appraisal proposition supports the below notion; it posits that people have a
tendency to maintain a positive tone- evaluation by distancing themselves from their negative tone
and paying further attention to their positive bone .
Body image is the perception that a person has of their physical tone and the studies and
passions that affect from that perception. These passions can be positive, negative or both and are
told by individualities and environmental factors
According to National Eating diseases Collaboration( 2014), there are four aspects of
body image; it includes
1) The perceptual body image which has to do with how one sees oneself. This isn’t always a
correct representation of how one actually looks. For illustration, a person may perceive his/ her
tone as fat when they’re actually light.
2) The affective body image which has to do with the way one feels about one’s body. It
relates to the quantum of satisfaction or dissatisfaction one feels about one’s shape, weight and
individual body corridor.
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3) The cognitive body image entails how one thinks about his or her body. This can lead to
obsession with body shape and weight. For illustration, some people believe they will feel
better about themselves if they’re thinner or further muscular.
4) Behavioural body image which entails the several behaviours one engages in as a result of
one’s body image. When people are displeased with the way they look, they may insulate
themselves because they feel bad about their appearance or employ destructive behaviours(e.g
inordinate exercising, disordered eating) as a means to change their appearance.
Positive body image is important because it’s one of the protection factors which can
make a person more flexible to eating diseases, body dimorphic complaint, inordinate exercise
and other unfavourable behaviours. Positive body image occurs when a person is suitable to accept,
appreciate and admire his or her body. particular appearance is veritably important to everyone. It may
influence how one feels about oneself, how one interacts with others, how one pays attention to
one’s appearance on a diurnal base, and what behaviours one practices in order to maintain one’s
image( Sloan, 1995).
Body dissatisfaction on the other hand, is a negative feeling about oneself, beauty, figure, colour,
weight, height etc,( Obi, 2006). Body dissatisfaction is an internal process but can be told
by several external factors. For illustration, family, musketeers, familiarity, preceptors and the media
all have an impact on how a person sees and feels about themselves and their appearance.
individualities in appearance acquainted surroundings or those who admit negative feedback about
their appearance are at an increased threat of body dissatisfaction.
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